中亚边境区域新疆天山南脉、帕米尔高原东部动物鼠疫疫情分析

An epidemic analysis of the animal plague in southern Tianshan mountains in Xinjiang,China and eastern Pamir plateau of Central Asia’s border areas

目的对2014-2018年中亚边境区域的新疆维吾尔自治区(新疆)天山南脉、帕米尔高原东部〔即克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州(克州)北部和西部与吉尔吉斯共和国、塔吉克斯坦共和国两国接壤区域〕的动物鼠疫疫情进行分析,了解和掌握动物间鼠疫流行状况,为人间鼠疫防控提供有力数据支撑,为"一带一路"建设保驾护航。方法采用中国疾病预防控制信息系统网报数据,根据克州地理地貌及鼠疫宿主特征,将研究样地划分为2个区域,即南天山灰旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地(阿图什市、乌恰和阿合奇县)和帕米尔高原-阿赖山红旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地(乌恰和阿克陶县)。使用空间流行病学和统计学方法,结合地理地貌特征分析新疆天山南脉、帕米尔高原东部地区近5年动物鼠疫疫情流行特征。结果宿主密度调查显示,2014-2018年间的5个鼠疫监测点,除2014年阿图什市鼠疫监测点和2018年克州鼠疫监测点5月旱獭密度高于7月,其余年份均是7月高于5月或与5月持平;媒介调查显示,2个研究区域的优势蚤种有差异,染蚤率和蚤指数相对较平稳。5年间共获得旱獭血清鼠疫F1抗体4692份,犬血清762份,检出阳性犬血清33份,阳性率为4.33%。共发现病死旱獭36只,分离出鼠疫耶尔森菌3株,阳性率为8.33%。结论南天山山脉西南段及帕米尔-阿赖山山脉东段鼠疫自然疫源地的宿主动物和媒介种群数量以及种群结构一直维持在相对平稳水平,动物鼠疫疫情趋于相对稳定的流行态势,但鼠疫疫源地的疫源性依然存在,在局部范围仍存在动物间鼠疫流行。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of animal plague by analyzing the epidemic situation of animal plague in southern Tianshan mountains in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang),China and eastern Pamir plateau of Central Asia’s border areas(areas bordering Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Tajikistan in the northern and western parts of Kizilsu Kirghiz autonomous prefecture〔KKAP〕)from 2014 to 2018,to provide strong data support for human plague prevention and control,and to boost the Belt and Road Initiative.Methods Based on the network reporting data from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and the geographic features of KKAP and characteristics of plague hosts in KKAP,the sample study areas were divided into two parts:the natural plague foci of Marmota baibacina in southern Tianshan mountains(Artux city,Wuqia county,and Akqi county)and the natural plague foci of Marmota caudata in Pamir plateau-Alai mountains(Wuqia county and Akto county).Spatial epidemiological and statistical methods combined with the geographic features were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of animal plague in southern Tianshan mountains in Xinjiang and eastern Pamir plateau in recent five years.Results The host density investigation showed that the densities of marmots in the two study areas in July were higher than or equal to those in May during all the study years except for individual years during which the densities in May were higher than those in July.The vector flea investigation showed a significant difference between the two areas in dominant flea species,and the flea infection rate and flea index were relatively stable.In the past five years,4692 pieces of marmot serum anti-plague F1 antibody testing data and 762 pieces of canine serum testing data were obtained,among which 33 pieces of canine serum testing data yielded positive results(positive rate:4.33%).Thirty-six marmots that died of diseases were identified and three Yersinia pestis strains were isolated(positive rate:8.33%).Conclusion The numbers of hosts,vector populations and population structure remain at relatively stable levels in the natural plague foci in the southwestern segment of southern Tianshan mountains and the eastern segment of Pamir plateau-Alai mountains.The epidemic situation of animal plague tends to be relatively stable in these areas,but they still remain as epidemic foci of plague and local animal plague epidemics can be observed.