吉尔吉斯共和国进口羊毛携带蜱的监测与鉴定

Surveillance and identification of intercepted ticks carried by wool imported from Kyrgyz Republic to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China

目的为防止有害媒介生物通过国际贸易传入我国,对进口羊毛进行蜱监测与鉴定。方法采集2017年9月至2018年6月新疆维吾尔自治区吐尔尕特口岸从吉尔吉斯共和国进口的16批次羊毛,对其进行蜱检疫。将检出的蜱进行形态学鉴定,通过提取其基因组DNA,扩增线粒体16S rRNA基因、18S rRNA基因以及细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因并测序,利用MEGA 7.0软件构建系统发育树对其进行分子生物学鉴定。结果从吉尔吉斯共和国进口的16批次羊毛中有11批次检出蜱。共检出蜱39只,其中活体1只。经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,隶属2科4属5种,分别为拉合钝缘蜱、亚洲璃眼蜱、边缘革蜱、刻点血蜱和具沟血蜱。其中具沟血蜱30只,占截获蜱总数的76.9%,为吉尔吉斯共和国进口羊毛携带蜱的优势种类;活体蜱为拉合钝缘蜱若蜱。结论吉尔吉斯共和国进口羊毛携带蜱的概率较高,以具沟血蜱为主,且首次从进口羊毛中检出拉合钝缘蜱若蜱活体。因此,从吉尔吉斯共和国进口羊毛要加强对蜱的检疫,防止病媒生物入侵,严防疫病传入。

Objective To monitor and identify the ticks carried by wool imported from Kyrgyz Republic to China,and toprevent the transmission of harmful vectors through international trade.Methods Sixteen batches of wool imported fromKyrgyz Republic at Turgart port,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,from September 2017 to June 2018 were examined todetect ticks.The detected ticks were subjected to morphological identification.Genomic DNA was extracted from the ticks,and the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene,18 S rRNA gene,and cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠgene were amplified andsequenced to construct a phylogenetic tree using MEGA 7.0 software for molecular biological identification.Results Sixteen batches of wool were imported from Kyrgyz Republic,and ticks were detected in 11 batches of the imported wool.Atotal of 39 ticks were detected,including 1 live tick.They belonged to 5 species of 4 genera in 2 families as identified bymorphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis:Ornithodoros lahorensis,Hyalomma asiaticuminatus,Haemaphysalis punctata,Dermacentor marg,and H.sulcata.There were 30 ticks of H.sulcata,as the predominant species(76.9%of.tlhaeh otorteanls insumber)uofs iionntercepted ticks carried by the wool imported from Kyrgyz Republic.The live tick was a nymph of O.ConclThe intercepted ticks are probably detected in wool imported from Kyrgyz Republic,which aremainly H.sulcata.The live nymph of O.lahorensis was intercepted for the first time.Therefore,the quarantine of tickscarried by wool imported from Kyrgyz Republic should be strengthened to prevent vector invasion and transmission ofharmful diseases.