不同视域下护士工作场所暴力认知差异的质性研究

A qualitative study on differences of nurses'cognition on workplace violence under different perspectives

目的了解护士工作场所暴力(WPV)经历者、目击者对WPV的认知情况,并分析其差异性,为制定干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用描述性质性研究方法,采取目的抽样法选取2018年2—5月苏州市某医院WPV经历者、目击者26名护士为研究对象进行半结构访谈,然后对资料进行内容分析。结果不同视域下护士对WPV的认知差异主要表现为3个方面,即WPV主体责任归属、预先识别及组织支持。经历者认为暴力发生患方主体责任大、WPV难以提前识别、组织支持缺乏;而目击者表示护患双方主体责任相当、WPV能够预先识别、组织支持方式需多样化。结论不同视域下护士对工作场所暴力认知存在差异,医院管理层应根据WPV经历者、目击者的反映和需求,加强安保建设,提高护士暴力识别与应对能力,降低医院暴力事件的发生率。

Objective To understand the cognition of experiencers and witnesses on workplace violence(WPV)in nurses and to analyze the differences among them so as to provide a theoretical basis for formulating intervention.Methods From February to May 2018,totals of 26 nurses,experiencers and witnesses of WPV,at a hospital in Suzhou were selected as subjects by purposive sampling to carry out semistructured interview with the method of descriptive qualitative study.Content analysis was used to the data.Results Under different perspectives,the differences of nurses'cognition on WPV included three aspects involving subject responsibility attribution,pre-recognition in advance and organizational support of WPV.Experiencers thought that patients had great responsibilities on violence,WPV was difficult to identify,lack of organizational support.Witnesses showed that nurses and patients matched each other in responsibilities,WPV could be identified in advance,the ways of organizational support needed diversification.Conclusions Under different perspectives,there are differences in nurses'cognition on WPV.Hospital managers should strengthen the building of security,and improve nurses'violence identification and coping capacity to reduce the incidence of hospital violent incidents.