护理学专业学生临床实习前死亡态度与临终关怀态度调查

Investigation of attitudes toward death and hospice care in nursing students before internship

目的调查已结束课堂学习并即将进入临床的实习护生的死亡态度与临终关怀态度,分析两者之间的相关性及在本科与大专护生间的差异。方法采用横断面研究设计调查232名高年级在校护生的死亡态度与临终关怀态度情况。研究工具包括中文版死亡态度描绘量表(修订版)和中文版佛罗梅尔特临终关怀态度量表-B表。采用Pearson相关分析和t检验进行数据分析。结果护生死亡态度各维度均分为:中立接受(4.10±0.43)、死亡恐惧(2.76±0.66)、死亡逃避(2.73±0.74)、趋近接受(2.61±0.58)、逃离接受(2.48±0.75)。临终关怀态度总分为(107.63±8.45)。临终关怀态度与死亡恐惧(r=-0.247,P<0.01)、死亡逃避(r=-0.278,P<0.01)及逃离接受(r=-0.145,P<0.05)呈负相关,与中立接受呈正相关(r=0.405,P<0.01)。本科护生死亡逃避得分明显低于大专护生(t=-2.043,P<0.05),且临终关怀态度得分明显高于大专护生(t=2.639,P<0.01)。结论护生的死亡态度与临终关怀态度有较大改善空间,加强临终关怀教育势在必行。

Objective To investigate nursing students'attitudes toward death and hospice care before they start clinical practice,analyze the correlation between the two attitudes and compare their differences in junior and regular nursing college students.Methods A cross-sectional study was adopted to investigate the attitudes toward death and hospice care in 232 senior nursing students at school.Instruments included the Chinese version of the Death Attitude Profile-Revised(DAP-R)and the Chinese version of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale-Form B(FATCOD-B).Pearson correlation analysis and independent t-test were used to analyze the data.Results The mean scores of the 5 dimensions of death attitude were neutral acceptance(4.10±0.43),fear of death(2.76±0.66),death avoidance(2.73±0.74),approach acceptance(2.61±0.58),and escape acceptance(2.48±0.75),respectively.The total score of hospice care attitude was(107.63±8.45),which was negatively correlated with fear of death(r=-0.247,P<0.01),death avoidance(r=-0.278,P<0.01),and escape acceptance(r=-0.145,P<0.05)scores and positively correlated with neutral acceptance score(r=0.405,P<0.01).The death avoidance score of regular nursing college students was significantly lower than that of junior nursing college students(t=-2.043,P<0.05),and the hospice care attitude score of regular nursing college students was significantly higher that of junior nursing college students(t=2.639,P<0.01).Conclusion There is a big room to improve nursing students'attitudes toward death and hospice care.Strengthening end-of-life care education is imperative.