自动驾驶汽车交通事故责任研究

Research on Liability for Traffic Accident in Autonomous Vehicles

人工智能技术已应用到汽车制造领域,自动驾驶汽车的出现使得使用人对汽车运行不再具有完整的支配力,进而在对引发的交通事故进行应对时,现行以过错为核心的机动车道路交通事故责任规则显现出不足。从公平配置责任、落实损害救济的角度出发,有必要在判断事故发生时自动驾驶汽车处于何种运行状态的核心条件下,引入产品责任制度,将汽车的生产者和销售者纳入责任主体的讨论范围。但对此无须制定专门的责任规则,只需在使用人和受害人之间适用机动车道路交通事故责任规则,在使用人与生产者之间适用产品责任规则进行责任分配,同时辅以相应的技术和配套制度。

Artificial intelligence technology has been applied in the field of automobile manufacturing.The emergence of autonomous vehicles makes the driver have no complete control over the operation of the self-driving car,the current fault-based rules for liability distribution of traffic accident are improper for the accidents caused by autonomous vehicles.From the perspective of fair allocation of responsibility and implementation of damage relief,it is necessary to introduce product liability rules under the core conditions of determining the operating state of the autonomous vehicles at the time of the accident,and to add the liability of the producerand seller of the vehicle into liability subject of investigation.However,there is no need to establish a special liability rule.It is only necessary to apply the rule of traffic accident liability between the user and the victim.The rule of product liability is applied between the user and the producer to separately allocatethe responsibility,supplemented by the corresponding technology and rule.This is an idea for allocating liability for traffic accident in autonomous vehicles.