客车车身骨架用铝合金型材的结构设计

Structure Design of Aluminum Alloy Profiles for Bus Body Frame

车身骨架作为客车的主要承载件,其轻量化对客车节能减排具有重要作用.本文以客车骨架用铝合金型材为研究对象,以车身骨架用型材的弯曲刚度和扭转刚度为指标,利用CAE分析技术分析铝合金型材代替钢的可行性.结果表明:增加壁厚和增大截面尺寸均能提高铝合金型材的弯曲刚度和扭转刚度.客车车身骨架选用截面尺寸为52 mm×56 mm,壁厚为2.4 mm的铝合金型材,其刚度能够达到40 mm×40 mm×2 mm钢制方管的刚度指标,且实现减重27.5%.计算结果可为客车车身骨架用型材设计提供参考.

As the main bearing body of bus,the lightweight of body frame plays an important role in energy saving and emission reduction.In this paper,aluminum alloy profiles used in bus frame are studied.The bending and torsional stiffness are taken as the design index.CAE analysis technology is used to analyze the feasibility of aluminum alloy profile instead of steel structure.The results show that the increase of thickness and section size can increase the bending and torsional stiffness of aluminum alloy profiles,and aluminum alloy profile with the section size of 52 mm×56 mm,thickness of 2.4 mm,and that its stiffness can reach that of 40 mm×40 mm×2 mm steel square tube,and weight saving of 27.5%.The results can be used as a reference for the design of profiles for bus body frame.