论无人驾驶汽车交通事故侵权责任

On Traffic Accidents Tort Liabilities of Driverless Vehicles

在无人驾驶领域,依靠数据+算法支撑的智能系统将全权替代人类驾驶行为,无人驾驶汽车也因此具备高度"自主性"。其所引发交通事故侵权致损时,至少在责任主体认定、二元归责原则适用和责任类型划分等方面给现行侵权法提出挑战。而赋予无人驾驶汽车独立法律人格既与法理不符,也难应对司法实践。故我国侵权法宜通过确立三元归责原则体系(过错+无过错+公平责任),建构"产品责任+机动车交通事故责任"相结合的适用规则,并以建立无人驾驶汽车责任强制保险为配套机制的进路加以应对。

In the unmanned driving filed,the intelligent system supported by data and algorithm’s combination will completely replace human’s driving behavior and full autonomous vehicles also have highly"autonomy". When a traffic accident caused by driverless vehicles infringes on the rights of others,it will at least challenge the current tort law’s following aspects,including the identification of subject of liability,the application of the principle of the fault and no-fault imputation,and the division of the liability’s types. However,giving driverless vehicles independent legal personality is inconsistent with legal principles and difficult to deal with the judicial practice. Therefore,China’s tort law should establish the ternary imputation principle system(fault + no-fault + fair liability),construct the applicable rules combining"product liability + motor vehicle traffic accident liability",and establish the compulsory liability insurance for driverless vehicles.