不同降温处理工艺对北京地区奶牛夏季生产性能和生理指标的影响

Effects of Different Cooling Treatment Processes on Summer Production Performance and Physiological Indexes of Dairy Cows in Beijing Area

试验旨在探讨不同降温处理工艺对北京地区泌乳牛夏季生产性能和生理指标的影响。采用单因子试验设计,将30头泌乳牛随机分为A、B、C三组,每组10头,采取不同降温工艺处理,A为对照组,B为风机降温组,C为智能喷淋降温组。试验期为14d,期间提供相同日粮,自由饮水,对夏季牛舍环境指标、奶牛生理指标、行为参数和产奶性能进行持续测定。结果表明:在半开放牛舍中,相比于风扇降温模式,智能喷淋降温模式能有效降低处理过程中温湿指数(P<0.05)、奶牛体表温度(P<0.05)、呼吸频率(P<0.05);增加高温环境下奶牛躺卧时间(P<0.05),缩短站立时间(P<0.05);有效缓解高温导致的日采食量下降和产奶损失,提升夏季牛奶乳脂率(P<0.05);降低牛乳中血清蛋白含量(P<0.05)和体细胞数(P<0.05)。说明在北京地区半开放式养殖模式下,智能喷淋降温能更有效缓解夏季热应激,调节奶牛生理状况和行为活动,提升奶牛夏季生产性能。

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effects of different cooling treatment processes on summer performance and physiological indicators of dairy cows in Beijing.Totally 30 lactating cows with the same diet and free drinking water,were randomly allocated to group A(the control group),group B,and group C.Cows in the group B were treated with fan cooling,while cows in the group C were treated with the intelligent spray cooling during 14 days of test period.The barn environment temperature,humidity,cow physiological indices,behavioral parameters and milk yield performance were continuously measured during the test period.The results showed that,in the semi-open barn,environment temperature,body surface temperature and respiratory rate(P<0.05)were significantly reduced,while ambient humidity was significantly increased(P<0.05)in the intelligent spray cooling group compared with the fan cooling group,during the treatment process;The daily feed intake(P<0.05),milk yield,milk fat,lying time of cows was significantly increased,the standing time,serum protein(P<0.05)and somatic cell count(P<0.05)were reduced in the intelligent spray cooling group compared with the fan cooling group during the test period.In conclusion,the physiological status,behavior,and milk yield of dairy cows caused by summer heat stress could be effectively alleviated through intelligent spray cooling in the semi-open farming barn.