民国时期中外各方关于退还庚款的不同应对——基于《申报》《民国日报》的视角

Different Responses of Chinese and Foreign Parties to the Return of Boxer Indemnity in the Early Republic of China--From the Perspective of"Shen Bao"and"Republic of China Daily"

民国时期,西方列强退还庚款旨在发展中国教育事业。但是在实际过程中,西方列强有不同的应对,却暗藏着相同的动机。西方列强一直将远东地区作为利益博弈的主战场,因此一个渐进式改革的民国政府才最符合他们的外交战略。民国政府、地方军阀从维护政权和阶级利益角度迎合西方列强的退回庚款的反应,并从中调解教育界的反抗言行;中国教育界以强硬的姿态据理力争西方列强退还庚款用于发展教育事业,从客观上发展了中国教育事业,促进了中国教育界人士民间外交意识的觉醒和中华民族独立意识的崛起。

In the early Republic of China,the western powers returned the Boxer indemnity to develop China's education cause.But in practice,the western powers had different responses,but shared the same motive.Western powers had long regarded the Far East as the main battlefield of the game of interests,so a progressively reformed government of Republic of China was best suited to their diplomatic strategy.The government of the Republic of China and the local warlords responded to the return of Boxer indemnity by western powers from the perspective of maintaining political power and class interests,and mediated the resistant words and actions of the education field.Chinese education field argued that the returned indemnity by western powers should be used for education development,which objectively developed China's education cause and promoted the wake of Chinese educators’people-to-people diplomacy consciousness and the rise of independent consciousness of the Chinese nation。