上颈椎损伤的临床治疗研究进展

Progress in clinical treatment of upper cervical spine injury

上颈椎损伤是指由于创伤性外力引起的枕骨、寰枢椎及其附属结构的骨折、韧带损伤和关节脱位等损伤,临床表现主要有颈部疼痛不适、截瘫、四肢瘫痪,甚至有生命危险等严重后果,由于解剖结构及功能的特异性,损伤的临床表现和治疗等方面有很多的差异。常见的分型有:寰枕关节脱位、寰椎骨折、寰椎横韧带损伤、齿突骨折、枢椎创伤性滑脱、枢椎骨折、寰枢椎不稳。随着科学技术的发展,根据其损伤的机制、分型及临床表现,对上颈椎损伤的诊治有一些新的不同观点,现对上颈椎损伤的临床治疗研究进展进行论述。

The upper cervical spine injury refers to the fracture of the occipital, atlantoaxial and its accessory structures, ligament injury and joint dislocation caused by traumatic external force. The clinical manifestations include neck pain, paraplegia, quadriplegia and even serious consequences such as danger of life. Due to the specificity of anatomy and function, clinical manifestations and treatment of injuries have many differences. Common classifications include occipital joint dislocation, atlas fracture, atlantoaxial transverse ligament injury, odontoid fracture, axial traumatic spondylolisthesis, axial fracture, atlantoaxial instability. With the development of science and technology, according to the mechanism, classification and clinical manifestations of injury, there are some new and different views on the diagnosis and treatment of upper cervical spine injury. Now the progress of clinical treatment of upper cervical spine injury is discussed.