不同无性系白果的毒性和营养分析

Analysis on toxicity and nutrition of different clones of Ginkgo biloba seeds

【目的】为白果产区种源结构调整和白果整体质量提升提供参考,从而促进白果产业健康发展。【方法】选取来自我国主要白果产区和日本的39个优良无性系白果为材料,对其白果形态指标进行测定,采用高效液相色谱法测定其银杏毒(MPN和MPNG)含量,采用原子吸收光谱法测定其K、Ca和Mg营养元素含量,对不同无性系白果的果形、营养和毒性进行评价。【结果】不同无性系白果果形和银杏毒含量差异显著。白果果形指数为1.16~1.81。2号无性系白果果形指数最小,为1.18±0.05,百粒胚乳质量为(43.85±0.06) g;37号无性系白果果形指数最大,为1.81±0.08,百粒胚乳质量为(56.75±0.05) g;29号无性系白果果形指数介于两者之间,为1.29±0.05,但是其百粒胚乳质量达到了(99.89±0.08) g,在各无性系白果中其胚乳质量最大。白果银杏毒总量最高为525.79 μg/g,总量最低为330 μg/g。白果MPN含量最高为485.24 μg/g,含量最低为247.44 μg/g;MPNG含量最高为213.03 μg/g,含量最低为21.43 μg/g。根据各无性系白果总银杏毒含量进行系统聚类,结果表明39个无性系白果可分为4类。39个无性系白果中,K、Ca和Mg平均含量分别为(0.60±0.04)、(0.19±0.02)、(0.48±0.01) mg/g。不同无性系白果的营养元素含量较为接近。【结论】不同无性系白果果形和银杏毒含量差异明显,选择果形好、银杏毒含量低和营养含量高的无性系,对白果产业健康稳定发展具有一定的促进作用。

【Purpose】To provide some references for adjusting provenance structure at Ginkgo biloba seed producing areas and improving overall quality of G.biloba seeds,so as to promote sound development of G.biloba seed industry.【Method】39 clones of G.biloba seeds from main producing areas in China and Japan were selected as materials.Some morphological indexes of G.biloba seed were determined.Ginkgotoxin(MPN and MPNG)contents were determined by using HPLC.Contents of K,Ca and Mg elements were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry,and fruit shape,nutrition and toxicity of different clones of G.biloba seeds were evaluated.【Result】G.biloba seed shapes and ginkgotoxin contents are significantly different in different clones.G.biloba seed shape index is 1.16 to 1.81.Seed shape index of No.2 clone is the lowest,which is 1.18±0.05,and mass of 100-seed endosperm is(43.85±0.06)g.Seed shape index of No.37 clone is the highest,which is 1.81±0.08,and mass of 100-seed endosperm is(56.75±0.05)g.Seed shape index of No.29 clone is between the two,which is 1.29±0.05,but mass of 100-seed endosperm reaches(99.89±0.08)g,and it is the highest in each clone.The highest content of total ginkgotoxin is 525.79μg/g,and the lowest content is 330μg/g.The highest MPN content in seeds is 485.24μg/g,and the lowest content is 247.44μg/g.The highest MPNG content is 213.03μg/g,and the lowest content is 21.43μg/g.The results of systematic clustering according to total ginkgotoxin contents in G.biloba seeds show that 39 clones of G.biloba can be divided into four clusters.Average contents of K,Ca and Mg in 39 clones of G.biloba seeds are(0.60±0.04),(0.19±0.02),(0.48±0.01)mg/g,respectively.Contents of nutrient elements in different clones of G.biloba seeds are relatively close.【Conclusion】Shapes and ginkgotoxin contents of different clones of G.biloba seeds are significantly different.Selecting clones with good seed shape,low ginkgotoxin content and high nutrient content can promote sound and stable development of G.biloba industry.