油橄榄低效林土壤培肥技术研究

Study on soil fertility technology for low-efficiency Olea europaea forest

【目的】为给油橄榄的科学施肥提供参考依据。【方法】以油橄榄品种阿贝基娜为试材,通过对低效园与高产园土壤养分的调查、油橄榄叶片中各营养元素的检测,找出了影响油橄榄生长发育的关键营养元素;再选择生长势弱且挂果较少的样树,对其施用有机肥加浓度分别为0.3%、0.4%、0.5%和0.6%的高效水溶肥进行施肥试验,以常规施肥处理为对照,比较分析了不同施肥处理对油橄榄树势、叶片和果实生长发育的影响情况。【结果】养分调查中,低效园与高产园的效益差别受到土壤营养状况的影响,高产园区油橄榄叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Zn、Fe的含量均高于低效园的;其中,N含量未达到国外标准,P、K含量符合国外标准,而Ca、Zn、Fe含量均高于国外标准。施肥试验中,与常规施肥处理相比,施用有机肥加浓度分别为0.3%、0.5%、0.6%的高效水溶肥,均促进了油橄榄的树高生长;施用有机肥加浓度分别为0.4%、0.5%、0.6%的高效水溶肥,均能增加油橄榄叶片长度和百叶质量;施用有机肥加浓度分别为0.3%、0.4%、0.5%和0.6%的高效水溶肥,均能显著提高油橄榄坐果率,总体效果随水溶肥浓度的增加而呈先增后减的变化趋势,其中,施用有机肥加0.5%的高效水溶肥的总体效果最佳。【结论】Ca、Zn、Fe这3种微量元素均非金堂地区油橄榄生长及产量增加的关键营养元素,而N、P、K这3种大量元素特别是N元素才是限制油橄榄生长发育的关键营养元素。施用有机肥加水溶肥有利于油橄榄树体、叶片、果实的生长,其中施用有机肥加0.5%的高效水溶肥的总体效果最佳。

【Objective】To provide some references for scientific fertilization of Olea europaea forest.【Method】Using‘Arbequina’as test materials,key nutrient elements were found,affecting growth and development in O.europaea,through soil survey in low-efficiency and high-yield test sites and detection of nutrient elements in O.europaea leaves.Weak trees with less fruits were fertilized with organic fertilizers added with 0.3%,0.4%,0.5%and 0.6%high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizers,and effects of different fertilization treatments on tree vigor,growth and development status of leaves and fruits were compared with conventional fertilization as CK.【Result】In nutrient survey,benefit differences between low-efficiency and high-yield test sites are affected by soil nutrient status.Contents of N,P,K,Ca,Zn and Fe in leaves of high yield test sites are higher than those of low yield test sites.N content is not up to the foreign standard,contents of P and K are up to the foreign standard,while contents of Ca,Zn and Fe are higher than the foreign standard.In the fertilization test,compared with conventional fertilization treatment,organic fertilizers added with 0.3%,0.5%and 0.6%high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizers can promote growth of O.europaea tree height.Organic fertilizers added with 0.4%,0.5%and 0.6%high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer can increase leaf length and hundred-leaf mass in O.europaea.Organic fertilizers added with 0.3%,0.4%,0.5%and 0.6%high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizers can significantly improve fruit setting rate in O.europaea.Overall effect are increased first and then decreased with increase of water-soluble fertilizer concentration,among which organic fertilizer added with 0.5%water-soluble fertilizer has the best overall effect.【Conclusion】Three trace elements of Ca,Zn and Fe are not key nutrient elements for growth and yield in O.europaea at Jintang area,and N,P and K,especially N element,are key nutrient elements limiting growth and development in O.europaea.Application of organic fertilizer added with water-soluble fertilizer is beneficial to growth of O.europaea trees,leaves and fruits,among which organic fertilizer added with 0.5%high efficiency water-soluble fertilizer has the best overall effect.