20种甲酯化植物油助剂对二氯喹啉酸的增效作用

Study on Synergism of 20 Methylated Vegetable Oil Adjuvants on Quinclorac

为了筛选出高效的除草剂桶混助剂,显著增加二氯喹啉酸药效,减少有效成分用量,以玉米油、花生油、菜籽油、大豆油、葵花籽油、蓖麻油和芝麻油7种植物油为原材料,采用碱催化酯交换的原理合成7种甲酯化植物油,将其按不同比例复配并添加乳化剂后得到了20种桶混助剂;通过温室盆栽法测定了20种助剂对二氯喹啉酸的增效作用。研究结果表明:20种甲酯化植物油助剂均具有良好的乳化分散性和稳定性;当甲酯化植物油助剂的体积分数为喷液量的0.5%时,能显著提高二氯喹啉酸药液在稻稗叶面上的沉积量,提高的范围为11.71%~143.60%;能有效降低二氯喹啉酸药液的表面张力和接触角大小,降低的幅度范围分别为11.63%~28.97%和17.78%~49.77%。20种甲酯化植物油助剂对二氯喹啉酸防除稻稗均有一定的增效作用,其中增效作用最显著的为甲酯化植物油助剂JZ-12 [配方为:m(甲酯化花生油):m(甲酯化玉米油)=2∶1,乳化剂m(OP-7)∶m(PEG-400)∶m(ZR-5)=1∶1∶0.5,含量为甲酯化植物油质量的20%]和JZ-35 [配方为:m (甲酯化玉米油):m (甲酯化蓖麻油)=1:1,乳化剂m (OP-7):m(PEG-400)∶m(ZR-5)=1∶2∶1.5,含量为甲酯化植物油质量的20%],与未添加助剂的二氯喹啉酸有效剂量93.75g·hm-2相比,添加这2种助剂后,株死亡率分别提高38.67%和22.47%,鲜重抑制率分别提高22.98%和21.26%。最后,通过综合分析筛选出对二氯喹啉酸防除稻稗增效作用最好的助剂为甲酯化植物油助剂JZ-12和JZ-35。

In order to screen out effective herbicide tank mixing adjuvants, significantly increase the efficacy of quinclorac and reduce the dosage of active ingredients, seven kinds of methylated vegetable oils were synthesized by the principle of base-catalyzed transesterification. Maize oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, castor oil and sesame oil were used as raw materials. Twenty kinds of tank mixing adjuvants were mixed in different proportions after the addition of emulsifier.The synergistic effect of 20 adjuvants with quinclorac were studied by indoor experiments. The results showed that 20 kinds of methylated vegetable oil adjuvants had good emulsifying dispersion and stability. When the volume fraction of methylated vegetable oil adjuvant was 0.5% of the spray volume, the retention of Quinclorac on Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing leaves was significantly increased, the ranges of increase were 11.17% ~143.60%;and the surface tension and contact angle of quinclorac solution were effectively reduced, the ranges of decrease were 11.63%~28.97% and 17.78%~49.77%. Twenty kinds of methylated vegetable oil adjuvants had synergistic effects on the control of Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing by quinclorac, the most significant synergistic effects were methylated vegetable oil adjuvant JZ-12[m(methylated peanut oil):m(methylated maize oil) = 2∶1, emulsifier m(OP-7) ∶m(PEG-400) ∶m(ZR-5) = 1 ∶1 ∶0.5, the content was 20% of the quality of methylated vegetable oil] and methylated vegetable oil adjuvant JZ-35[m(methylated maize oil):m(methylated castor oil) = 1∶1, emulsifier m(OP-7)∶m(PEG-400)∶m(ZR-5) = 1∶2∶1.5, the content was 20% of the quality of methylated vegetable oil];Compared with quinclorac 93.75 g·hm-2 without adjuvant,plant death rate was increased by 38.67% and 22.47% respectively, and fresh weight inhibition rates were increased by 22.98%and 21.26% respectively after adding methylated vegetable oil adjuvants JZ-12 and JZ-35. Comprehensive analysis demonstrated that the best adjuvants for the control of quinclorac against Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing were methylated vegetable oil adjuvant JZ-12 and JZ-35.