视觉认知任务介入时踝关节稳定程度对纵跳落地模式影响的研究

The Effect of Ankle Stability on Vertical Jump Landing Buffer Mode during Visual Cognition Task Intervention

目的:探讨视觉认知任务介入时不同踝关节稳定程度对纵跳落地姿势稳定策略与神经肌肉控制的影响。方法:36名男性高水平运动员,年龄(20.23±2.05)岁,按照踝关节稳定程度分为健康组(CON)、隐患组(LAT)和不稳定组(CAI),每组12人;随机顺序执行视觉认知任务及高台落地纵跳,并以单因素方差分析和Scheffe法比较各组在落地阶段的运动学、动力学及肌电参数。结果:(1)重心前后移动范围(CAI&LAT>CON)、垂直和整体稳定指数(CON>CAI)差异显著;(2)落地瞬间的踝(CAI>CON)、膝外翻(CON>LAT&CAI)、髋屈曲(CON&LAT>CAI)髋外展(CAI>CON)角度差异显著;下蹲最低点时,踝跖屈角度(CON>LAT&CAI)差异显著,踝屈伸(CON&LAT>CAI)和内外翻(CAI>CON&LAT)活动范围、踝内翻角速度峰值(CAI>CON)显著不同;(3)50 ms落地负荷率(CON>CAI)显著不同;(4)落地前期胫骨前肌(TA:CAI>LAT&CON)、腓骨长肌(PL:CON>CAI)、内侧腓肠肌(MG:CAI>CON)差异显著;落地瞬间股直肌(RF:LAT>CON&CAI)、PL(CON>LAT&CAI)、MG(CAI>CON)显著不同;下蹲期臀中肌(GM:CON>CAI)、PL(CON>LAT&CAI)、MG(CAI>CON)达显著差异,而BF/RF(CON>LAT&CAI)、S/TA(CAI>LAT&CON)、MG/TA(CAI&LAT>CON)共同收缩率差异显著;推蹬期GM(CON>CAI)、股内侧肌(VM:CON>CAI)、股二头肌(BF:CON>LAT&CAI)、比目鱼肌(S:CON>CAI)差异显著,而TA/S(CON>CAI)共同收缩差异显著;稳定期VM(CON>LAT&CAI)、S(CON>CAI)显著不同。结论:髋关节屈曲与外展、较多踝关节外翻与肌肉共同收缩是踝关节不稳定运动员稳定关节的重要机制,而较早且快速的踝关节内翻速度是导致踝关节不稳定运动员反复扭伤的关键因子;可通过强化臀中肌提升髋外展能力,同时训练腓骨长肌以提升踝关节保护的效果。

Objective:To explore the influence of different ankle stability on the landing posture stability strategy and neuromuscular control of vertical jump during the intervention of visual cognitive task.Methods:36 male college high-level athletes were selected as subjects,with an average age of(20.23±2.05)yrs.,an average height of(179.28±4.61)cm and an average weight of(72.62±4.59)kg.According to the degree of ankle instability,they were divided 12 subjects into CON group,12 subjects into LAT group and 12 subjects into CAI group.All subjects performed the drop-vertical jump+visual task in a random order.The kinematics,dynamics and EMG parameters of each group in landing stage were compared by one-way ANOVA and Scheffe method.Results:(1)the movement range of APSI(CAI&LAT>CON),VSI and DPSI(CON>CAI)of COM were significant;(2)at the initial landing phase,the angles of ankle(CAI>CON),knee valgus(CON>LAT&CAI),hip flexion(CON&LAT>CAI)and abduction(CAI>CON)were significant,while the angle of ankle plantarflexion(CON&LAT>CAI)was significant at the lowest point of squat,and the range of motion of ankle flexion(CON&LAT>CAI),extension,valgus(CAI>CON&LAT)and the peak value of ankle valgus angle velocity(CAI>CON)were significant;(3)the landing load rate(CON>CAI)was significant at 50 ms;(4)in pre-landing phase,TA(CAI>LAT&CON),PL(CON>CAI)and MG(CAI>CON)were significant;there were significant differences in RF(LAT>CON&CAI),PL(CON>LAT&CAI),MG(CAI>CON)at the initial landing;in descending phase,GM(CON>CAI),PL(CON>LAT&CAI),MG(CAI>CON)were significant,while the rate of BF/RF(CON>LAT&CAI),S/TA(CAI>LAT&CON),MG/TA(CAI&LAT>CON)co-contraction were significant;in propulsion phase,GM(CON>CAI),VM(CON>CAI),BF(CON>LAT&CAI),S(CON>CAI)were significant,while the rate of TA/S(CON>CAI)co-contraction were significant;in stability phase,VM(CON>LAT&CAI),S(CON>CAI)were significant.Conclusion:Hip flexion and abduction,more ankle valgus and muscle co contraction are important mechanisms to stabilize the joints of CAI athletes,and the earlier and faster ankle valgus speed is the key factor of repeated sprains of CAI athletes;the ability of hip abduction can be improved by strengthening the gluteus medius muscle,and the peroneal longus muscle can be trained to improve ankle protection.