摘要
口语产生的最后阶段是发声运动,该阶段涉及到言语运动系统中前馈和反馈控制的整合加工。其中,前馈控制指个体自上而下地提取并执行产生目标语音的运动指令,而反馈控制指个体根据发声时产生的感觉反馈自下而上地调整言语运动,感觉目标和感觉预期是联系两者的重要枢纽。基于DIVA(directionsinto velocitiesofarticulators)神经计算模型,从语言习得和语言产生两个阶段,阐述了前馈和反馈控制整合的认知神经机制。在以往研究的基础上,重点梳理了听觉反馈如何帮助个体在线控制言语运动和更新前馈运动表征,以及ERP研究中P1-N1-P2成分波相应的认知内涵。此外,总结了影响讲话者前馈和反馈控制的各种因素,包括个体差异、训练经历和任务情境等,并提出这一领域应该重点关注的研究问题。
The final stage in the process of spoken production is articulation, which involves the integration of feedforward and feedback control in speech motor system. Specifically, feedforward control(top-down mechanism) refers to speakers’ ability to retrieve and execute the motor commands responsible for producing target speech sounds, while feedback control(bottom-up mechanism) refers to speakers’ ability to adjust speech movements based on the sensory feedback generated by articulation. Sensory goals and sensory predictions are important hubs linking feedforward and feedback control systems. Based on the neural computational model DIVA(directions into velocities of articulators), the cognitive and neural mechanisms of the integration between feedforward and feedback control are illustrated in the stage of speech acquisition and speech production. On the basis of previous studies, how speakers utilize auditory feedback to control online speech and update feedforward motor representations, and the cognitive significance of the P1-N1-P2 components in the ERP studies are especially discussed. Furthermore, various factors that influence feedforward and feedback control are summarized, including individual variabilities, training experience and task demands. Additionally, some suggestions are proposed for future investigation.
作者
蔡笑
张清芳
CAI Xiao;ZHANG Qingfang(Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
出处
《心理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期588-603,共16页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
北京市社科基金重点项目(16YYA006)
中国人民大学科学研究基金项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项)(18XNLG28)项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31471074)资助
中国人民大学中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金支持。
关键词
言语运动系统
前馈控制
反馈控制
听觉反馈
speech motor system
feedforward control
feedback control
auditory feedback