勿以恶小而为之:滑坡效应的心理机制及预防策略

The psychological mechanism and prevention strategy of slippery slope

滑坡效应是指个体的不道德程度有随时间推移而逐渐加剧的倾向,即不道德行为具有反复性和渐进性。它广泛存在于个体自身层面以及人际互动过程中,会影响个体正常社会交往,甚至阻碍社会和谐健康发展。滑坡效应的研究方式包括实验者操纵法和自发性欺骗法,心理机制包括道德推脱、内隐偏差、自我非人化等,对应的干预措施包括提升预防定向动机和塑造积极的描述性社会规范。未来研究可从心理过程和生理机制的角度进一步探讨滑坡效应的适用范围、神经干预方式等。

The slippery slope effect refers to the degree of the individuals’ immorality to increase gradually over time, namely, the immoral behavior is repetitive and progressive. It widely exists in the behaviors of the individuals and interpersonal interaction, which will affect the normal social interaction between individuals, and even hinder the harmonious development of society. The research methods of the slippery slope effect include experimenter manipulation and spontaneous deception. There are at least three psychological mechanisms: moral disengagement, implicit biases, and self-dehumanization. The ways to intervene in this effect are promoting preventive orientation motivation and shaping positive descriptive social norms. Future studies should further explore the scope of the slippery slope effect and its neural intervention from the perspective of psychological processes and physiological mechanisms.