浙江省杭州市入侵生物福寿螺种群遗传学研究

Population genetics of invasive Pomacea spp.in Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province

目的对浙江省杭州市西湖区入侵生物福寿螺的分布现状及遗传标记进行分析,了解该地区福寿螺的扩散趋势。方法2017年在杭州市西湖区各种水体(如湖泊、河流、湿地)及沿岸陆地选择5个采样点,现场采集福寿螺标本,对采集的标本进行形态学鉴定。同时取成螺足部肌肉组织提取总DNA进行COI基因扩增,并进行单倍型多样性、核酸多样性分析。此外,对GenBank中的福寿螺单倍型及本研究获得的单倍型进行系统进化树分析,以了解其近缘福寿螺。结果在杭州市西湖区池塘、河流、湿地等生境均发现福寿螺。根据形态特征,采集的标本初步鉴定为福寿螺。从上述福寿螺DNA样本中共获得16条序列,属于3个单倍型,分别为Hap1、Hap2、Hap3。单倍型中Hap1、Hap3频率较高,Hap2频率相对较低。以上表明本次采集的标本包括小管福寿螺和斑点福寿螺两种。Hap1与来自阿根廷及中国广东省和香港特别行政区的小管福寿螺具有较近的亲缘关系,Hap2与来自阿根廷、日本、中国广东省广州市的小管福寿螺具有较近的亲缘关系,Hap3与来自阿根廷、巴西的斑点福寿螺具有较近的亲缘关系。结论杭州市西湖区存在小管福寿螺和斑点福寿螺。斑点福寿螺扩散至西湖区可能是由多次引入导致或随水流扩散蔓延而致。

Objective To investigate the distribution and identify the genetic genetics of invasive Pomacea species in Xihu District,Hangzhou City,so as to understand the spread tendency of Pomacea species.Methods The specimens of Pomacea species were collected from five sites in water systems(lakes,rivers and wetlands)and its costal lands in Xihu District,Hangzhou City in 2017 for morphological identification.Total DNA was isolated from the foot tissues of adult snails for amplification of the COI gene,and haplotype diversity and nucleic acid diversity analyses were performed.In addition,a phylogenetic tree was created based on the haplotype captured from GenBank and those from this study to investigate the phylogenetic relationships.Results Pomacea specimens,which were preliminarily characterized as Pomacea,were found in ponds,rivers and wetlands in Xihu District of Hangzhou City.A total of 16 sequences were captured from the DNA samples of Pomacea specimens,which belonged to 3 haplotypes,including Hap1,Hap2 and Hap3.A high frequency was seen in Hap1 and Hap3,and a low frequency was found in Hap2.The Pomacea specimens collected from the 5 sites in Xihu Districts included P.canaliculata and P.maculate.The Pomacea specimens with a Hap1 had a close genetic relationship with the P.canaliculata from Argentina,Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,and the Pomacea specimens with a Hap2 had a close genetic relationship with the P.canaliculata from Argentina,Japan and Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province,China,while the Pomacea specimens with a Hap2 had a close genetic relationship with the P.maculate from Argentina and Brazil.Conclusion P.canaliculata and P.maculata are present in Xihu District of Hangzhou City.P.maculata may spread to Xihu District through multiple introductions or water flow.