2016-2018年全国3~9岁儿童蛲虫感染监测

National surveillance on Enterobius vermicularis infections among children at ages of 3 to 9 years in China from 2016 to 2018

目的了解我国3~9岁儿童蛲虫感染现状,为制定全国蛲虫病防控策略提供科学依据。方法2016-2018年在全国30个省(直辖市、自治区)736个国家监测点开展蛲虫病监测。各监测点按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区,每片区抽取1个乡(镇)的1个行政村,每个行政村整群抽取3周岁以上常住居民200人,每个监测点共调查1000人,对其中3~9岁儿童采用改良加藤厚涂片法和透明胶纸肛拭法进行蛲虫感染检测,计算蛲虫感染率等指标并进行比较分析。结果2016-2018年,全国30个省(直辖市、自治区)736个监测点3~9岁儿童蛲虫感染率分别为2.50%、2.84%和2.46%,男、女童蛲虫感染率间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);南部和西南部地区(江西、广西、广东、四川、福建、重庆和海南)为蛲虫病主要流行区(感染率≥5.00%),江西和广西儿童蛲虫感染率连续3年均位居前两位;汉族儿童蛲虫感染率高于少数民族儿童;4~7岁组儿童感染率较高,3、8岁和9岁组感染率均相对较低。结论2016-2018年全国3~9岁儿童蛲虫感染率变化幅度不大,南部及西南部地区感染率较高,需重点关注。

Objective To understand the epidemic status of Enterobius vermicularis infections among children aged 3 to 9 years in China,so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of the prevention and control strategies for enterobiasis.Methods The national surveillance of enterobiasis was performed in 736 national surveillance sites(counties)from 30 provinces(municipalities/autonomous regions)in China from 2016 to 2018.All surveillance sites were classified into parts according to the geographical directions,including the eastern,western,southern,northern and middle parts,and a township was randomly selected from each part.Then,an administrative village was randomly selected from the township,and 200 permanent residents at ages of over 3 years living in the administrative village were randomly selected using the cluster sampling method.A total of 1000 residents were examined in each surveillance site.E.vermicularis infections were detected among children at ages of 3 to 9 years using the modified Kato-Katz technique and the adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method,and the prevalence of infections was calculated and compared.Results The prevalence of E.vermicularis infections was 2.50%,2.84%and 2.46%among children at ages of 3 to 9 years in the 736 surveillance sites from 30 provinces(municipalities/autonomous regions)in China from 2016 to 2018,and there was no gender-specific prevalence of E.vermicularis infections(P>0.05).Enterobiasis was main prevalent in the southern and southwestern part of China(Jiangxi,Guangxi,Guangdong,Sichuan,Fujian,Chongqing and Hainan),with5.00%prevalence and greater,and the highest prevalence was seen in Jiangxi and Guangxi for successive 3 years.In addition,the prevalence of E.vermicularis infections was higher in children with the Han ethnicity than in those with the minority ethnicity,and a high prevalence was found in children at ages of 4 to 7 years,and a low prevalence seen in children at ages of 3,8 and 9 years.Conclusions The prevalences of E.vermicularis infections have not changed much among children at ages of 3 to 9 years in China from 2016 to 2018,and high prevalence is seen in southern and southwestern China,which should be given a high priority.