2014-2015年安徽省人体钩虫感染调查

Investigation on human hookworm infections in Anhui Province from 2014 to 2015

目的了解安徽省人体钩虫感染情况。方法按照全国统一调查方案,采用分层整群随机抽样法,2014-2015年在安徽省4个生态区抽取16个县(市)的48个调查点,采用改良加藤厚涂片法检测各调查点内≥1周岁常住居民粪便中的钩虫卵,采用问卷方式进行健康知识及行为调查。结果2014-2015年安徽省在4个生态区的48个调查点共调查12300人,共发现钩虫感染者259人,全省人体平均钩虫感染率为2.11%。4个生态区中以华北平原生态区感染率最高(3.02%),各调查点以临泉县感染率最高(7.03%)。感染虫种以十二指肠钩虫为主(占62.16%),轻度感染者占65.64%。女性钩虫感染率高于男性(χ^2=4.16,P<0.05);存在随年龄增长钩虫感染率升高的趋势(χ趋势2=113.36,P<0.01);不同职业和文化程度人群钩虫感染率间差异有统计学意义(χ^2=159.41、34.95,P均<0.01)。问卷调查显示,知晓"钩虫如何感染"和否认"使用新鲜粪便施肥"人群钩虫感染率均相对较低,差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=15.05,P<0.01;χ^2=4.19,P<0.05)。结论安徽省人体钩虫感染水平已大幅降低,但仍有感染水平相对较高的地区和人群。应将华北平原生态区作为钩虫病重点防治地区,将家庭妇女、高年龄及文化程度较低者作为重点防治人群。

Objective To understand the current status and changing tendency of human hookworm infections in Anhui Province.Methods According to the unified national survey scheme,a total of 48 survey sites were sampled from 16 counties(cities)in 4 ecological regions of Anhui Province using a stratified cluster random sampling method from 2014 to 2015.The hookworm eggs were detected in the fecal samples from permanent residents at ages of over one year living in the survey sites using a modified Kato-Katz thick smear method,and the subjects’health knowledge and behaviors were investigated using questionnaire survey.Results A total of 12300 persons were examined in the 48 survey sites from 4 ecological regions of Anhui Province between 2014 and 2015,and 259 subjects were identified with hookworm infections,with a mean prevalence of 2.11%.Among the four ecological regions,the North China Plain had the highest prevalence of human hookworm infections(3.02%)and in all survey sites,Linquan County had the highest prevalence(7.03%).Ancylostoma duodenale was the predominant hookworm species identified(62.16%),and 65.64%had mild infections.The prevalence of human hookworm infections was significantly greater in women than in men(χ^2=4.16,P<0.05),and showed a tendency towards a rise with ages(χtrend2=113.36,P<0.01).In addition,the prevalence of human hookworm infections varied in occupations(χ^2=159.41,P<0.01)and education levels(χ^2=34.95,P<0.01).Questionnaire survey showed low prevalence of human hookworm infections in subjects knowing the question"how hookworm infection occurs"and denying"using fresh stools for fertilization"(χ^2=15.05,P<0.01;χ^2=4.19,P<0.05).CCoonncclluu-sions The prevalence of human hookworm infections has greatly decreased in Anhui Province;however,the prevalence remains relatively high in some regions and populations.The North China Plain should be regarded as the key area for hookworm disease prevention and control,and housewives and populations with advanced ages and low educational levels are key targeted populations in Anhui Province.