中国女子手球队运动员的训练负荷特征分析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Training Load of the Chinese Women’s Handball Players

采用"时间-运动"分析法对中国女子手球队不同场上位置运动员在模拟比赛、4打4训练、6打6训练、半场传射训练中的不同维度负荷进行比较,探讨使用不同训练方法的中国女子手球队运动员的加速、减速、左右变向、跳跃的负荷特征。结果:模拟比赛中运动员的累计负荷与4打4训练相近,而高于半场传射训练和6打6训练。模拟比赛中各场上位置运动员的加速负荷、减速负荷与4打4训练相近,而高于6打6训练和半场传射训练,其中加速负荷的差异主要体现在低强度加速上。4种训练方法中各位置运动员不同强度左右变向负荷呈现出模拟比赛高于4打4训练、半场传射训练及6打6训练的特征。半场传射训练的外围运动员跳跃负荷与模拟比赛相似,高于4打4训练、6打6训练;6打6训练中底线运动员和边锋运动员跳跃负荷低于4打4训练、半场传射训练、模拟比赛;半场传射训练边锋运动员跳跃负荷显著高于4打4训练和6打6训练,其中中强度跳跃负荷和高强度跳跃负荷差异非常显著;模拟比赛中底线运动员中强度跳跃负荷最高。各场上位置运动员专项训练时的变向负荷比例较高,但强度较低,高强度变向比重低。结论:参考各场上位置运动员不同强度跳跃、变向、加速、减速的负荷,更接近比赛的训练方法是4打4训练,半场传射训练的外围运动员、边锋运动员的跳跃负荷和底线运动员加速负荷训练上有一定优势,而6打6训练在各场上位置运动员的不同维度负荷的不同强度训练都较弱。建议:要加强高强度变向和加速能力的训练、不同训练方法的组合及精细化训练负荷的监测,明晰4种训练方法的负荷特征,优化中国女子手球队专项技战术训练的运动负荷,以提高中国女子手球队运动员专项训练的科学化水平。

Different latitude loads of training match(TM), 4 vs4, 6 vs6, passing receiving and shooting in half court(PRS) of Chinese women’s handball players in different positions were monitored by means of"Time-Motion"analysis to explore the load characteristics of acceleration and deceleration, left and right changing direction, jump among different training methods of Chinese women’s handball players. Results:Aggregate load of TM was similar to 4 vs4, but higher than PRS and 6 vs6. The acceleration and deceleration loads of athletes in all positions in TM are similar to 4 vs4, higher than PRS and 6 vs6. Changing direction load(left or right) in different intensities among four trainings show TM higher than 4 vs4, PRS and 6 vs6. The jump load of back players in PRS was no significant different from in TM, but higher than 4 vs4 and 6 vs6;the jump load of pivots and wings in 6 vs6 was lower than 4 vs4, PRS and TM;the jump load of wings in PRS was significantly higher than 4 vs4 and 6 vs6, especially in middle and high intensities;the jump load of players in middle intensity of pivots in TM was the highest. The changing direction load of athletes of all positions in special training accounts for a higher percentage but with low intensity, while that in high intensity was lower.Conclusions: different intensity loads of jump, changing direction, acceleration and deceleration among different positions show that 4 vs4 is closer to match, and PRS is good for back and wing jump and pivot acceleration load training, while 6 vs6 is weak in all position trainings of different intensities in different latitude loads of players.Recommendations: It is necessary to increase training for changing direction and acceleration in high intensity,to enhance the combination of different training methods, to strengthen the monitoring of fine training load, to clarify load characteristics of the four training methods, and to optimize the exercise load in special technique and tactics training of Chinese women’s handball team, so as to better improve scientific special training of women’s handball players.