生态保护边界、社会资本与贫困县农村收入差异

The Rural Income Gaps Among Ecological Protection Boundary,Social Capital and Poor Counties

基于全国665个贫困县2001-2015年的样本数据,分国家重点生态功能区和非生态功能区两组样本对社会资本的收入效应差异进行探析,并剖析了农村收入差异的构成特征。研究发现:二者的差异不仅源于社会资本量的差异,也源于社会资本收入效应的差异,非生态功能区贫困县社会资本的量及其收入效应都明显高于国家重点生态功能区贫困县;贫困县社会资本量在不同收入群体间具有差异,低收入群体社会资本水平要低于高收入群体;国家重点生态功能区贫困县社会资本收入效应呈以50%分位数为"拐点"的"倒U型"分位数分布特征;非生态功能区贫困县低收入群体社会资本的收入增量效应要高于较高收入群体;二者低收入群体间社会资本的收入效应差距在缩小,高收入群体间社会资本的收入效应差距在扩大;农村收入总差异的形成以社会资本差异为主导等结论。进一步提出引入互联网理念,形成无"时空"限制的开放式绿色发展的现代社会网络格局、生态补偿扶贫政策与社会资本的培育相结合、推动农村自然资源的产权改革等政策建议。

Based on a sample data of 665 poverty counties from 2001 to 2015 in China, this paper analyzes the income effect of social capital from national key ecological function areas and non-ecological function areas, and analyzes the constituitive characteristics of rural income differences. It is found that the difference is not only caused by the amount of social capital, but the income effect of it because the amount of social capital and income effect of poor counties in non-ecological function areas is far higher than that in national key ecological function areas. And the amount of social capital differs from different income groups in poor counties, because the level of social capital in low-income groups is lower than that in high-income groups. According to the study, the income effect of social capital of the poverty counties in the national key ecological function areas is distributed as a turning point with an inverted U-shaped quantile by a 50% quantile. In the non-ecological functional areas, the incremental income effect of social capital in the low-income groups is higher than that in the higher income groups. Although the income effect gap of social capital between two low-income groups is narrowing, it between two high-income groups is widening. This paper also finds that the formation of total rural income difference is dominated by social capital difference. This paper further puts forward the introduction of the concept of the Internet to form a modern social network pattern of an open and green development without time and space limit, the combination of eco-compensation and poverty alleviation policy with the cultivation of social capital, the promotion of rural natural resources property rights reform and other policy suggestions.