英国知识分子的信仰危机与反思研究--以《大闪蝶·尤金尼亚》为例

Belief Crises and Reflections of the British Intellectuals:A Case Study of A.S.Byatt’s Morpho Eugenia

英国当代女作家A.S.拜厄特在小说《大闪蝶·尤金尼亚》中再现了19世纪中后期英国国教信仰体系对各阶层知识分子智识发展和自我界定的压制和影响。这主要体现在两个方面:一方面是由于僵化的宗教教义钳制了知识分子的思想自由,引发了他们的信仰危机,将他们推向精神和事业的伦理选择困境;另一方面是神学家们以博爱之名美化了权力阶层的统治,掩盖了维多利亚盛世下贵族自身的堕落和罪恶。拜厄特借信仰书写强调宗教信仰冲突与反思对知识分子来说并不是灾难,而是一个以知识探索的开放世界取代神学封闭世界的重大机遇。从知识分子信仰危机的视角研究这部小说有助于研究拜厄特的宗教观、政治观及文学创作观,也是了解19世纪60年代英国社会的一把钥匙。

In her novel Morpho Eugenia,Byatt reveals the Anglican’s negative impact on the intellectual growth of the British intellectuals in the mid and late 19th century.The rigid religious doctrines suppress the intellectuals’freethinking and push them into a spiritual dilemma.The theologians,in the name of love,glorify the rule of the aristocracy and conceal their degeneration beneath the prosperity of the Victorian society.Through writing the belief anxiety,Byatt emphasizes that belief conflict is a great opportunity for intellectuals to replace the theological world with a world that is open and full of knowledge exploration.Analyzing Morpho Eugenia from the perspective of belief crises not only gives us an insight into Byatt’s religious view,political view and conception of literary creation,but also functions as a key to understand the British society in the 1860s.