《资本论》机器大生产理论视角下的人工智能就业创造效应探析

Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Employment Creation Effect from the Perspective of Machine Production Theory in Capital

人工智能对劳动力就业既具有创造效应,又具有替代效应。由于人工智能与机器具有相似性,所以从《资本论》机器大生产理论出发来理解人工智能的就业创造效应具有重要意义。根据《资本论》机器大生产理论,机器在直接应用它的部门会排挤工人,但同时能够促使其他部门劳动的增加。人工智能的就业创造效应与此类似,并且其创造效应强弱由制度因素、经济禀赋及科技发展等因素决定。随着人工智能日益深刻地改变我国的就业市场,社会劳动力在不同部门间的流动将会增加。因此,需要全面提高劳动者职业转换能力,这样才能更好地发挥人工智能的就业创造效应。

The development of artificial intelligence has two contradictory influence trends on labor employment,i.e. the creation effect and substitution effect. Starting from the machine production Theory in Capital,it is of great significance to understand the employment creation effect under the current development of artificial intelligence. Based on the analysis of machine production theory in Capital,the artificial intelligence and machines have similarities. The employment creation effect generated during the development of artificial intelligence is profoundly changing China’s job market. Institutional factors,economic endowments,and technological development are important factors that determine the strength of employment creation. Under the employment creation effect,the flow of labor force will increase between different sectors,requiring the concerted efforts of the government,enterprises and individuals.