金属基材料激光增材制造材料体系与发展现状

Materials and Development states of laser additive manufactured metal-based alloys

增材制造不仅可以增加设计的自由度和制造的灵活性,还可以实现复杂结构的直接成形以及定制化生产,在缩短生产周期的同时降低制造成本。作为一种颠覆性的新技术,激光增材制造在航天航空、生物医药、汽车及制造业等领域具有广泛的应用。然而,到目前为止仅有少数金属可以真正实现增材制造的工程化应用,而数千种合金材料在增材制造过程中伴随的结构和组织缺陷问题大大限制了其工程化应用。本文对已取得初步工程应用或具有较好应用前景的金属基材料体系及其增材制造工艺进行了论述,阐述了限制金属基材料激光增材制造技术工程应用的瓶颈问题,最后给出了金属基材料增材制造的发展趋势。

Additive manufacturing could provide high design freedom and manufacturing flexibility,and also enable the direct manufacturing of complex shapes and customized productions.It can meantime greatly reduce manufacturing costs while shortening the manufacturing cycle.As a subversive technology,laser additive manufacturing has a wide range of applications in aerospace,biomedical area,automobile industry and machinery manufacturing.However,so far,the practical engineering application of additive manufactured products is truly realized only for a few types of metals.Instead,the presence of the structural defects during additive manufacturing for more than several thousands of alloys has considerably limited their engineering applications.In this paper,the metal-based materials which have been initially used for engineering applications or have good prospects in applications are summarized,as well as the additive manufacturing process.The bottleneck problems limiting the engineering applications of laser additive manufactured metal-based materials are also introduced.The future development trends and challenges of laser additive manufactured metallic materials are prospected at the end of this paper.