上海城市家庭养育环境与幼儿情绪和社会性发展的相关性研究

Study on correlation between family nurture environment and toddlers’ social-emotional development in urban areas of Shanghai

目的探讨上海市家庭养育环境与幼儿情绪和社会性发展的相关性,为从家庭养育环境角度制定干预策略、促进幼儿情绪和社会性发展提供循证依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,随机选择上海市普陀区、闵行区的4个社区卫生服务中心作为调查现场,共有945名幼儿入组,分为4个年龄组(12~17月龄、18~23月龄、24~29月龄、30~36月龄),采用中国城市幼儿社会情绪评估量表、1~3岁儿童家庭养育环境量表和自行编制的社会人口学问卷,对幼儿情绪和社会性发展状况和家庭养育环境进行调研分析。结果上海城市幼儿情绪和社会性发展异常检出率为24.44%,家庭养育不良环境检出率为6.03%。12~17月龄的幼儿能力域得分显著低于其他年龄组,家庭养育不良环境检出率显著高于其他年龄组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。家庭养育不良环境下,幼儿外显、内隐、失调域得分明显高于家庭养育良好环境组,能力域得分明显低于家庭养育良好环境组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。总体家庭养育环境受父母年龄、家庭月收入、家庭居住面积、父母受教育程度、父母职业、母亲产后情绪状态等家庭背景因素影响。结论上海城市幼儿情绪和社会性发展异常检出率较高,家庭养育环境对幼儿情绪和社会性发展的影响显著。营造良好的家庭养育环境是促进幼儿早期情绪和社会性发展的可行、有效策略。

Objective To study the status of toddlers’ social-emotional development and family nurture environment in urban areas of Shanghai,and explore the correlation between them to establish early promotion and intervention strategies for toddlers based on family nurture environment. Methods The investigated sites including 4 community healthcare centers were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method and 945 children aged 12-36 months from Shanghai urban areas were enrolled. The toddlers were grouped into 4 age groups( 12-17,18-23,24-29,30-36 months). The status of social-emotional development and family nurture environment in toddlers were investigated by Chinese version of Urban Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment( CITSEA),child home nurture environment questionnaire and self-designed sociodemographic questionnaire. Results The detection rates of poor social-emotional development and adverse family nurture environment were 24. 44% and 6. 03% respectively in urban areas of Shanghai.Toddlers aged 12-17 months had lower social-emotional competence score and higher detection rate of adverse family nurture environment( P < 0. 01). The toddlers in adverse family nurture environment had higher scores for externalizing,internalizing and deregulation domains and lower scores for competence domain than those in good family nurture environment( P < 0. 05). The general family nurture environment was influenced by family background factors,including parents’ age,monthly household income,living area,parents’ education levels,parents’ occupation and maternal postpartum mental state. Conclusion The detection rate of poor social-emotional development is high in urban areas of Shanghai.Adverse family nurture environment has a significant impact on toddlers’ social-emotional development. Creating a good family nurture environment is a reliable and effective way to promote early social-emotional development in toddlers.