断层控制与采空塌落诱发的天山北麓某煤矿滑坡分布特征

Landslides Controlled by Faults and Triggered by Underground Excavation at One Coal Mine at the North Foot of Tianshan Mountain

地下采空区引发的地面变形已引起广泛关注,但由于断层发育的复杂性和钻探手段的局限性,对小型断层分布特征及其控制作用仍缺乏足够认识。本文以天山北麓某煤矿为例,采用现场地质调查、高密度电法物探相结合的技术手段,在2.1 km^2的矿区范围内判识出小型断层4条、滑坡6个和塌陷坑10多个。结合地下采空区和采矿揭露富水区分布情况,对断层控制作用和采空放顶诱发作用进行关联分析。结果发现,顺倾斜坡中断层控制着采空区陡立边界,同采空放顶联合作用,控制了滑坡和塌陷坑位置及规模。井下采掘中观察到煤层厚度突变、地层断距和突涌水等,进一步验证了上述结果的可靠性。

The ground deformation caused by underground goaf has been widely concerned,but due to the complexity of fault occurrence and the limitation of drilling methods,the distribution characteristics and control function of small faults are not well understood.Taking a coal mine at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain as an example,this paper uses the technical means of combination of on-site geological survey and high-density electrical geophysical prospecting to identify 4 small faults,6 landslides and more than 10 collapse pits within the mining area of 2.1 km^2.Combined with the distribution of the underground goaf and the mining exposed water rich area,the correlation analysis of the fault control effect and the induced effect of the goaf caving is carried out.The results show that the faults controls the steep boundary of the goaf,and it also controls the location and scale of the landslide and collapse pit with goaf cave in as triggering factor in the layered slope area.The intensive variation of coal seam thickness in tunnels,vertical distance of stratum and water inrush in working face,were observed in underground mining,which further verified the reliability of the above results.