村社理性中的国家与农户互动逻辑:基于苏南与温州“村改居”过程比较的考察

The Logic of State-Farmer Interaction in the Rural Community Rationality:A Comparative Analysis of the Process of“Village Transformation”in Southern Jiangsu and Wenzhou

本文从村社理性视角分析“村改居”进程中村社反馈机制的差异。强村社理性的“村改居”得益于村社理性与国家理性的有效结合,从而避免了改造过程中权力主导与资本主导的消极后果,保护了村民在改造过程中的利益分配,村社具有贯彻国家理性,构建强共同体式福利再分配的功能。而弱理性村社“村改居”则因为村社理性无法调和国家与农户之间的关系,使得农户个体理性力量过度膨胀,分化了国家的改造力度,增加了国家对村社改造的社会成本。村社理性无法有效整合个体农户理性,就会导致国家与分散农户的冲突与矛盾。强村社理性整合了政府、村社集体与农户之间的利益与诉求,型构了合作性治理框架,而弱理性村社则形成了各个群体各自为政的分化型治理形态,造成了村庄内部的撕裂与无序。村社理性应建立在村集体经济与村级组织的民主化进程中,在与国家理性的良性互动中完善与强化。

This paper analyzes the differences in the feedback mechanism of the village community in the process of“village reform”from the perspective of the rural community rationality.The“village conversion to residence”with strong village community benefits from the effective combination of village community rationality and state rationality,thereby avoiding the negative consequences of power-oriented and capital-oriented in the process of transformation,and protecting the distribution of villagers interests in the process of transformation.The society has the function of implementing national rationality and building a strong community-type welfare redistribution.On the other hand,the“reformation of the village”in the weakly rational village community has failed to reconcile the relationship between the state and the farmers,which has led to excessive expansion of the individual rational power of the farmers,which has divided the country s reform efforts and increased the country s social cost of village reform.The rationality of the strong village society should be established in the process of democratizing the village collective economy and village-level organizations,and it should be perfected and strengthened in the benign interaction with the national reason.