从“家庭农场”到“农民合作”:恰亚诺夫的合作化思想及其对中国现代农业发展的启示

From Family Farm to Farmer Cooperation:Chayanov’s Theory of Cooperatives and Its Implication for Agrarian Transition in China

农民经济理论和农民合作社理论是恰亚诺夫农业经济思想的两个重要组成部分。恰亚诺夫以家庭农场研究为基础,关注如何在以小农户为主体的基础上实现农业的大生产,提出了以合作社为载体的纵向一体化,构建了"小农场+合作社+支持型国家"的现代农业发展模式。本文通过介绍和补充恰亚诺夫关于农民合作社的研究论述与主要观点,强调指出了恰亚诺夫农业经济思想对当下促进小农户与现代农业有机衔接的中国农业发展所具有的实践价值与理论意义。

The theory of farmer economy and the theory of farmer cooperatives are two pillars in Chayanov’s agricultural economics.With his studies of family farms as the basis,Chayanov focused himself on how small farming households could realize large-scale agricultural production.He proposed a vertical integration with the cooperative as the vehicle and formulated a model of modern agriculture combining small farms,farmer cooperatives and the supportive state.This paper introduces the main arguments of Chayanov’s theory of farmer cooperatives and highlights its theoretical and practical implications for the connection of small farming households with modern agriculture in China’s agricultural development.