结构视角下的深度贫困研究进展

Research Progress on Deep Poverty from a Structural Perspective

深度贫困正从一个描述性概念扩展成为衡量全球严重贫困的一种经济标准,获得多维、动态的柔性内涵和区域、群体上的结构化外延。本文通过综述现有文献发现,基于贫困公理化衡量方法的进展,可进行深度贫困的结构化识别与综合测度体系的构建。深度贫困具有不同于一般贫困的性质,呈现出在区域、人口群体、动态演化上的结构性分布特征。深度贫困在发达国家是不平等以及社会排斥问题在弱势人口生存危机上的体现,可通过安全网计划与就业帮扶进行动态管控;在发展中国家则是不均衡增长与市场失灵等结构性因素耦合作用的结果,应通过发展减贫与保障脱贫的综合施策进行系统解决。国内学界需积极构建中国深度贫困的结构研究范式,指导深度贫困问题的高质量破解以及返贫风险防控,为全球深度贫困问题解决做出贡献。

Deep poverty is expanding from a descriptive concept to an economic standard of measuring global severe poverty,which has got a multi-dimensional and dynamic connotation as well as structural extensions on regions and groups.Based on the development of axiomatic measurement method of poverty,the structural identification and comprehensive measurement system of deep poverty could be constructed.Deep poverty has specificity in the degree and nature of poverty that is different from poverty,and characteristics of structural distribution at various levels such as regions,population groups,and dynamic evolution.Deep poverty is a reflection of inequality and social exclusion in the survival crisis of vulnerable population in developed countries where dynamic control can be provided through safety net programs and employment assistance.In developing countries deep poverty is the result of the coupling of structural factors such as uneven growth and market failure,and it should be solved systematically through poverty reduction and comprehensive measures.The domestic academia should build a research model of China's deep poverty structure,advise on promoting the high-quality cracking of deep poverty and controlling the risk of returning to poverty,and contribute to the solution of the global deep poverty problem.