英国议会请愿的起源

The Origin of Petition to the English Parliament

在13世纪中期,因为地方司法治理不力,英国臣民向王室施加了巨大的政治压力。与此同时,为了扩大管辖范围,罗马教廷和巴黎高等法院也向英国王室发起有力的主权挑战。英国国王爱德华一世被迫开展司法改革,以应对这些压力和挑战,进而加强其统治权威。其中的一项重要举措就是允许臣民向议会呈递请愿。在当时,议会请愿的主要内容是寻求司法公正和祈求王室恩惠。它的推行,一方面加强了王权,另一方面维护了民权,由此受到普遍的欢迎和支持。正是在爱德华一世统治时期,议会请愿获得了初步发展,成为议会制度的重要组成部分。这标志着英国议会请愿制的成形。最后要指出的是:议会请愿的起源,深受英国君臣之间实力对比的影响。

In the middle of the 13 th century,the English subjects exerted great political pressure on the royal family because of the weak governance of local justice.At the same time,the Roman Curia and the Parlement of Paris also launched a strong challenge of the sovereignty to the royal family of England in order to expand their jurisdiction.King Edward I of England was forced to reform the judicial system to address these pressures and challenges in turn to consolidate his ruling authority.One important measure was to encourage the subjects to submit their petitions to the parliament.At that time,the parliamentary petitions focused on seeking judicial fairness and asking for royal favors.Its implementation not only strengthened the royal power,but also maintained the civil rights.This gained general welcome and support.During the reign of Edward I,the parliamentary petition gained preliminary development and became a crucial part of the parliamentary system.This marks the formation of the petition system in the English parliament.Finally,it should be noted that the origin of the parliamentary petition was deeply influenced by the balance of power between the English monarch and its subjects.