非洲民族主义史学流派及其贡献

The Schools of African Nationalist Historiography and Their Contributions

非洲民族主义史学既是民族独立运动的产物,也是一种历史现象。民族独立运动将非洲历史的重构提到了日程,国际学术界开始承认非洲历史学科的存在。《剑桥非洲史》和联合国教科文组织《非洲通史》的编写及有关非洲历史的杂志和研究中心的出现对非洲民族主义史学的兴起起到了重要作用。伊巴丹学派、达累斯萨拉姆学派和达喀尔学派等非洲民族主义史学流派在非洲史观的确立、方法论的突破和史学人才的培养方面做出了贡献,但这些学派也有一定的缺陷。非洲民族主义史学的兴起在树立非洲人民的自信和非洲国家建构等方面起到了重要作用。

The historiography of African nationalist is not only the product of national independence movement,but also a historical phenomenon.This paper argues that the national independence movement put the reconstruction of African history on the agenda,and the international academia began to recognize the existence of African history as a discipline.The initiation of Cambridge History of Africa and UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)General History of Africa,and the emergence of journals and centers related to African history played an important role in the rise of African nationalist history.This paper reviews the establishment of various historical institutions in Africa and various nationalist schools of history in Africa,with an emphasis on the formation of the Ibadan school,the Dar es Salaam school and the Dakar school.These schools of African nationalist historiography have made contributions to the establishment of African historical viewpoint,the breakthrough of methodology and the cultivation of African historians.The defects of these schools were pointed out and it is believed that the rise of nationalist historiography has a great effect on the self-confidence of African people and the state-building of their countries.