消费升级与降级并存现象的学理分析及政策建议

Theoretical Analysis and Policy Suggestions on the Coexistence of Consumption Upgrading and Degradation

一方面我国居民在扩大消费规模、改善消费结构、拓宽消费渠道、转变消费理念等方面都表现为消费升级;另一方面由于制约内需扩大和消费升级的体制机制障碍仍然突出,消费降级现象也同时存在。当前消费升级与降级并存呈“分级”状态,但展望未来,消费升级仍为主要态势且动力十足。学理上可以从居民个人可支配收入不断增加、社会保障制度的完善以及房地产市场的有效调控来分析其消费升级的动力。为进一步释放消费潜力,一是必须大力培养和扩大中等收入群体,二是推动新型城镇化进程,三是保证基本消费的普惠性并壮大中高端消费新增长点,四是要为消费者营造安全放心的消费环境。

On the one hand,as for the domestic residents,the social aspects of scale,structure,channel and idea of consumption are all upgrading;On the other hand,the because of the institutional obstacles that restrict expanding domestic demand and consumption upgrading are still obviously,there is also certain phenomenon of consumption degradation.At present,the phenomenon of consumption upgrading and degradation coexisting with each other is in a state of“grading”.But looking forward to the future,consumption upgrading is still the main trend and full of momentum.From the theory,the consumption upgrading momentum can be analyzed from the aspects of the increasing disposable income of individual residents,the improvement of social security system and the effective regulation of real estate market.In order to further unleash the potential of consumption,firstly,it should vigorously cultivate and expand the middle-income Group;Secondly,promote the process of new-type urbanization;And thirdly,guarantee the universality of basic consumption and expand the new growth points of middle-and high-end consumption;Fourthly,to create a safe and secure consumer environment for consumers.