明初对麓川地区制衡手段的演变及其结果

The Evolution of the Balance Means of the LU CHUAN Area in the Early Ming Dynasty and Its Results

明初对麓川地区的治理,除必要之武力震慑外,更有制衡麓川诸土司之手段。"以夷制夷"是土司制度的核心内容之一,具体来看,明初对麓川地区诸土司的制衡主要经历了"析麓川地"之政区分割、"改易头目"之权力迁移以及"啖之以地"之力量消削三个阶段。通过三个阶段的制衡,结合武力征伐的慑服,明廷最终消除了思氏土司集团对西南边地的威胁,削弱了麓川诸土司的势力。但其制衡之结果,在王朝统治的大视野之下,的确收效甚微。麓川地区的治理是明帝国统治牵一发而动全身的统治神经,在麓川地区治理决策的选择体现了明廷内部的政治混乱,凸显出了明王朝边疆治理的时代隐忧。

In the early Ming Dynasty,in addition to the necessity of military shock,the governance of the Lu Chuan area was also balanced by political means."Play off one power against another"is one of the core contents of the Tusi system.In concrete terms,the balances of the Lu Chuan area in the early Ming Dynasty mainly experienced three stages:the division of administrative district of"the splitting of Lu Chuan territory",the power transfer of"changing the leader of Lu Chuan area"and the weakening power of"using land to tempt the Tusis of Lu Chuan to fight".Through these three stages of balances,combined with the conquest of force,the rulers of the Ming Dynasty finally eliminated the threat of the Si’s Tusi to the southwestern border.However,the results of its balances had little effect in the great vision of Ming Dynasty’s rule.The governance of the Lu Chuan area was the dominant nerve of the Ming Dynasty’s rule,and the choice of governance decisions in the Lu Chuan area reflected the political chaos within the Ming Dynasty.It also highlights the hidden worries about border governance of the Ming Dynasty.