市场可达性、空间集聚经济与高铁站区经济发展

Market Accessibility,Spatial Agglomeration Economies and the Development of High-speed Rail Station Area

近年来,新城建设成为地方政府重要的城市发展政策。在高铁网络迅速发展的背景下,新设高铁站成为各地新城建设的重要载体。在新经济地理学中,市场可达性是影响企业和居民空间集聚的重要因素。本文从城市间和城市内部两方面探讨市场可达性对高铁通车后站区经济发展的影响。基于匹配到约1平方公里栅格的全球夜间灯光数据和2009—2014年新设高铁站数据,研究发现高铁通车后,高铁站区的经济活动密度相对于邻近区域并没有显著提升。利用高铁、铁路、公路网络构造了随时间可变的城市可达性指标,并利用高铁站到市中心距离衡量到城市就业中心的可达性,结果显示,高铁站区的经济发展显著依赖于城市可达性和市中心可达性。上述结果说明,新城经济发展必须重视对于来自城市外部和内部的集聚经济的利用。尽管高铁带来的城市可达性提升能为周边区域创造经济集聚,但受制于远离市中心的区位选择,低水平的城市中心可达性大大限制了目前高铁站区经济的发展,从而造成高铁新城投资效率低下等问题。

Creating new towns has become a widely-used city development strategy of China's local governments in recent years.As the high-speed rail(HSR)network rapidly expands,the newly-created station areas play an important part in this strategy.According to theories of the new economic geography,market accessibility is one critical determinant of the clustering of firms and residents.This paper investigates the effect of accessibility to other cities as well as to city center on the development of the station area.Based on the night-light data at a geographic unit of approximately 1 km 2 and data on the newly-open HSR stations during 2009 and 2014,this paper finds that the opening of the HSR station does not show any significantly positive effect on the economic activity density in the station area,relative to the neighboring areas.This paper further measures the accessibility to other cities using a network dataset containing HSR,rail and highway.It uses the distance from the station area to city center to measure its accessibility to city center.Results show that the economic development of HSR station area significantly depends on its accessibility to other cities as well as city center.These results suggest that the agglomeration economies from the outside and inside are essential for the development of new towns.By increasing the access to other cities,the connection of HSR may generate an engine for the economic agglomeration of the station area.However,the poor accessibility to city center constrains the development of station area and may lead to inefficient investment in HSR new towns.