瑞典环境法法典化对我国的启示

Enlightenment of Sweden’s environmental law codification to China

在《瑞典环境法典》编纂之前,其《环境保护法》存在诸多问题,如:指导性不强、威慑力不足、过于抽象、各环境法律法规之间存在重叠与冲突等,为了使环境领域的立法实现体系化并促进可持续发展,瑞典开始编纂《环境法典》。《瑞典环境法典》采取适度法典化的编纂模式,在编纂过程中注重本土化和国际化的有效结合,最后形成"以法典法为主,辅之以单行法"的环境法律体系。通过对瑞典环境法法典化的特点及原因进行深入研究,并结合我国环境保护领域的立法现状可以得知,我国环境立法应采取适度法典化的立法模式:编纂环境法典应分阶段进行,而不是一蹴而就;应以形式化法律汇编作为起点,逐步向实质性法典编纂迈进。此外,还要加强环境法典编纂的理论研究为法典编纂提供充足的理论支撑。

Prior to the compilation of the Swedish Environmental Code,there were many problems in its Environmental Protection Law,such as:weak guidance,insufficient deterrence,excessive abstraction,and overlap and conflict between environmental laws and regulations.Legislation was institutionalized and sustainable development was promoted,and Sweden began codifying the Environmental Code."Swedish Environmental Code" adopts a mode of codification of moderate codification,and focuses on the effective combination of localization and internationalization in the process of codification,and finally forms an environmental legal system of "mainly coded law,supplemented by one-way law".Through in-depth research on the characteristics and causes of Swedish environmental code codification,and combined with the status quo of legislation in the field of environmental protection in China,we can learn that China’s environmental legislation should adopt a mode of moderate codification:the compilation of environmental codes should be carried out in stages,not by Overnight;should start with a formal legal compilation and gradually move towards substantive code compilation.In addition,it is necessary to strengthen the theoretical research of environmental code codification to provide sufficient theoretical support for code codification.