论不正当竞争行为一般条款的法律适用——以《反不正当竞争法》第2条之解析为中心

The Application of the General Provisions on Unfair Competition——Focus on the interpretation of Article 2 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law

修订后的《反不正当竞争法》对不正当竞争行为的一般条款并未作实质性的改变。对未列举的不正当竞争行为应依据一般条款从主体、行为和后果三个方面加以认定。主体是经营者,只要市场主体提供了商品或参与市场竞争即可认定为经营者;行为是“在生产经营活动中,违反本法规定”,其中“违反本法规定”当指关于竞争原则的规定内容;后果是“扰乱市场竞争秩序,损害其他经营者或消费者的合法权益”,而“扰乱市场竞争秩序”是必备的后果要件。为了及时界定层出不穷的市场竞争行为的正当性,对未列举的不正当竞争行为在行政机关没有认定权的情形下,赋予其诉权将有效实现正当化的责任。

The revised Anti-Unfair Competition Law does not change the general provisions of unfair competition.The unlisted unfair competition should be determined through the subject,the act and the consequence according to the general provisions.The subject means manager,the market subject providing the commodity or participating in the market competition can be recognized as managers;the act refers to"violating the provisions of this law in the production and business operation",in which"the provisions of the law"are those provisions of the competition principle;the consequence is"disturbing the order of market competition and damaging the legitimate rights and interests of other managers or consumers",in which"disturbing the order of market competition"is necessary.In order to define the legitimacy of the endless market competition act timely,giving managers right of action can create fair competition effectively when the administrative organ doesn′t have power to determine the unlisted unfair competition as illegal act.