近代中国经济空间秩序的形式与内容

Form and Content:The Economics of Location in Modern China

19世纪中叶开启的中国千年未有经济大变局的空间形态及其内涵,是海内外学界关注已久但似乎仍模糊不清的一个“世纪命题”。本文在前人近年研究的基础上,根据近代中国“口岸—腹地”格局上“地域化经济”现象的线索,以华南地区为例剖析单个地域化经济体形成,然后再进一步探究多个地域化经济体的全国性组合,最后尝试解析近代中国经济空间秩序的三个层次,由此回应冀朝鼎对19世纪中叶以后中国经济新变局的“世纪之问”。研究表明:近代中国经济空间秩序的形式可描述为发端于“口岸—腹地”格局上的地域化经济体及其全国性组合,其内容则表现为以“地域化经济体”为载体的区位价值发现与空间资源配置优化的进程。这不仅有助于厘清近代中国经济空间的属性与涵义,同时也为理解近代中国经济变局提供了一个新的思考方向。

The form and content of the great economic and geographical change that began in the mid-19th century is a long-concerned but still ambiguous topic in academic circles.On the basis of research in the field,this paper first explains the phenomenon of“regionalized economy”in the pattern of“Port-Hinterland”in modern China,and then take South China as an example to analyze the formation of a single regionalized economy.After that this paper further explores the national combination of multiple regionalized economies and try to analyze the internal structure of the economics of location in modern China.In this way,this paper forms a dynamic framework to explain the spatial attributes and changes of economy in modern China,and responds to the question of Ch'ao-Ting Chi about the new changes in China's economy after the mid-19th century.The research shows that the form of the economics of location in modern China can be described as a regionalized economy and its national combination originating from the“Port-Hinterland”pattern.This content shows the evolutionary process of location value discovery and optimization of spatial resource allocation with“regionalized economy”.This is not only helpful to clarify the spatial attributes and connotations of modern China's economy,but also a new key to understand the changes of modern China's economy.