环境侵权案中因果关系的认定——以“装修污染案”为视角

Cognizance of Causality in Environmental Tort Cases--From the Perspective of “Decoration Pollution Case”

随着经济生活水平的提高和物质条件的极大改善,"房屋装修热"也与之相伴,由此引发的"装修污染案"给如何确定侵权行为与损害结果之间的因果关系带来了全新的视角。"装修污染案"不同于传统的环境侵权案件,其主要区别在于引起侵权案件的因子是难以量化和不可确定的,并且受外部环境影响很大,虽然依据相关常识和一般经验可以得出侵权行为与人身伤害之间具有某种相关性,但在科学领域还未达成很强的共识,仍然存在反对意见,在法庭上也很难做到展示。鉴于目前我国对相关问题的研究尚不充分且相关法律法规并不完善,本文以"任亚男与北京链家房地产经纪有限公司生命权、健康权、身体权纠纷"一案以为切入点,探讨在新情况下,如何认定此类案例中的因果关系问题。本文通过三部分对"装修污染案"进行说理分析,第一部分对"装修污染案"中因果关系进行简单的概述;第二部分通过对举证责任、证明标准和证明方法这三方面对"装修污染案"进行剖析;第三部分就"装修污染案"中因果关系认定中存在的问题结合目前我国的司法实践提出完善的建议。

With the improvement of living standards and material conditions,"house decoration craze"appears. The following "decoration pollution case" has brought a new perspective on how to determine the causal relationship between infringement and damage results. "Decoration pollution case" is different from traditional environmental infringement cases. Its main difference lies in that the factors causing infringement cases are difficult to be quantified and uncertain, and it is greatly affected by the external environment. Although according to relevant common sense and general experience, it can be concluded that there is a certain correlation between infringement and personal injury, there is still no strong consensus in the scientific field. There are still objections and it is difficult to demonstrate in court. In view of the insufficient research on relevant issues in China and the imperfect relevant laws and regulations, this paper takes "Ren Yanan and Beijing Chain Real Estate Brokerage Co., Ltd.dispute over right to life,health and body rights" as a starting point to discuss how to identify the causal relationship in such cases under new circumstances.This paper analyzes the "decoration pollution case" in three parts. The first part gives a brief overview of the causal relationship in the "decoration pollution case". The second part adopts the three aspects of the burden of proof, the certification standard and the certification method. The third part puts forward some suggestions on the problems in the determination of causality in the"decoration pollution case" combined with the current judicial practice in China.