明末关宁军性质的再讨论——以“祖家将”为核心的观察视角

A Further Discussion on the Nature of Guanning Legion in the Late Ming Dynasty—An Observation Perspective Centered on“Zu family Officers”

通过对“祖家将”这一关宁军中较为重要的武将集团在关宁军中地位之演变可知,天启年间“祖家将”在关宁军中的地位较低。袁崇焕督师辽东期间,祖大寿因战功擢升为总兵,在大凌河之战后,祖大寿的地位得以稳固,随即发展个人势力。但应看到,“祖家将”在关宁军中始终没有占据绝对主导地位,明廷对关宁军控制较深。因此,“家军”、“将门”的方式,不能完全用来揭示关宁军的性质,不能将关宁军简单界定为独立于明廷的军阀武装。

Through the evolution of the position of“Zu family Officers”in Guanning legion,it can be concluded that the position of“Zu family”in Guanning legion was low during the period of Tianqi.In the period of Yuan Chong Huan's supervision of Liaodong,Zu Dashou was promoted to the general because of his war achievements.After the war of Daling river,Zu Dashou's position began to stabilize,and then he developed his personal power.However,it should be noted that“Zu family”had never occupied an absolute dominant position in Guan Ning legion,and the Ming Dynasty has a deep control over them.Therefore,the paradigm of“Family Army”and“Family Officers”are difficult to fully reveal the nature of Guanning legion,and can not simply define Guanning legion as a warlord armed force independent of the Ming court.