“防俄”到“联俄”背景下清朝对朝鲜政策

The Qing Dynasty's Korea Policy in the Background from“Guarding against Russia”to“Collaborating with Russia”

19世纪80年代,清朝在对朝鲜政策上经历了从“防俄”到“联俄”的转变。“防俄”作为清朝对朝政策的首要目标持续至19世纪80年代中期。明治维新后,日本很快走上对外扩张道路,朝鲜首当其冲,武力打开朝鲜国门、积极参与甲申政变等行为让清朝切实感受到日本对中朝藩属关系的威胁,开始视日本为最大对手,清朝的对朝政策由“防俄”转为“联俄”。

The policy of the Qing Dynasty toward Korea experienced a sharp change from“guarding”against Russia to“collaborating”with it in 1880s.Guarding against Russia,as the primary goal of the Qing's Korea policy,continued to the mid-1880s.Japan leaped on the way of fast expansion after Meiji Restoration,where Korea was the first to object in the way.The aggressive appearance in opening the door of Korea by force and its active role in the Capsin Coup made the Qing feel the threat on the Suzerain-Vassal System between the Qing and Korea.Thus the Qing regarded Japan as a big opponent,and changed its policy from“Guarding against Russia”to“Collaborating with Russia”.