论历史性权利在海洋划界中的作用

On the Role of Historic Rights in Maritime Delimitation

历史性权利在海洋划界中作用的法律基础既包括条约法也包括国际习惯法。历史性权利分属不同的法律基础,使其在海洋划界中发挥不同的作用。以《联合国海洋法公约》为代表的条约法,规定了历史性所有权或历史性海湾在领海划界中的优先作用,明确了历史性所有权、历史性水域在海洋划界争端解决程序中具有任择性例外的作用,并确立了历史性捕鱼权在群岛水域划界中具有特别适用的功能;而国际习惯法确立的历史性权利规则在海洋划界中的作用,虽然目前国际法上尚无明确规定,但在国际实践上,其主要以并行适用方式发挥作用。历史性权利在海洋划界中的不同作用,为未来我国与周边国家尤其是南海周边国家海洋划界提供国际适法导引。

The legal basis of role of historic rights in maritime delimitation includes not only the treaty law,but also the customary international law.Different legal basis of historic rights play different role in maritime delimitation.The law of treaties with the“United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea”as the representative,provides the priority effectiveness of the historic title or historic Bay in delimitation of territorial sea,and makes it clear that historic title,historic waters have the optional exception role in process of solving maritime delimitation disputes,and established the historic fishing rights with suitable functions in archipelagic waters delimitation.As for the role of historic rights rules established by international customary law on maritime delimitation,although there is no clear rule in international law,but in the international practice,it mainly plays role in a way of parallel application.An analysis of the different roles of historical rights in maritime delimitation,will provide application guidance of international law in future maritime delimitation with neighboring countries,especially the South China Sea surrounding countries.