罗汝芳的德性思想探析

On LuoRufang's Thought of Virtue

罗汝芳有丰富而完善的德性理论。他的德性思想源自儒学传统,是儒学的宗旨归结为“仁”的德性实践。他的德性观建立在对王阳明良知学说的深刻认识基础之上,视良知为人的先验德性,连接孟子的性善论,自信性善主张。在德性实践上,罗汝芳视人伦社会的基础德性“孝悌慈”为德性实践的起点,主张用“反求”的方法保持赤子之心的纯真自然,认为赤子之心应该成为人践行“孝悌慈”的始端;他以求仁成圣作为德性实践的最终归宿,求仁指“仁心”的长成,成圣是一种道德境界的提高,最终落实在对“孝悌慈”的践行上。罗汝芳的德性思想回归孔孟儒学与阳明心学又能够贴近民生,符合当时伦理社会的需要,使得儒家道德哲学更加具体化、大众化。

LuoRufang has a rich and perfect theory of virtue.His thought of virtue originates from the tradition of Confucianism,and it is the practice of virtue that the tenet of Confucianism comes down to"benevolence".His view of virtue is based on his deep understanding of Yangming's theory of conscience,which regards conscience as a transcendental virtue,connects Mencius's theory of good nature and confident assertion of goodness of nature.In the practice of virtue,Luo Rufang regards"filial piety and charity",the foundation of human relations society,as the starting point,advocates the method of"reverse seeking"to keep the innocence and nature of childish heart,and believes that childish heart should be the beginning of people's practice of"filial piety and charity";he takes benevolence and sanctification as the final destination of virtue practice.Seeking benevolence means the growth of benevolence,and sanctification is the improvement of moral realm,which are finally implemented in the practice of"filial piety and charity".The return of Luo Rufang's moral thought to Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius and Yangming's theory of mind can be close to the people's livelihood,meet the needs of the ethical society at that time,and make the Confucian moral philosophy more specific,folk and popular.