农民对退耕还林工程建设与管理的满意度分析--基于退耕还林工程实施前后(1980-2017年)典型示范区农户调查数据

Analysis on Farmers’Satisfaction with the Construction and Management of the grain for green project--Based on the survey data of farmers in typical demonstration areas before and after the implementation of the grain for green project(1980-2017)

选取退耕还林工程典型示范区卓资县退耕还林工程区为研究对象,通过建立农户可持续生计评估框架,在2个时间段8个时间点间隔38年的截面上,对退耕还林工程实施前后当地农户的生计资本进行量化对比分析;以5种生计资本为核心解释变量,研究了农户对退耕还林工程建设与管理的满意度。研究表明:退耕还林工程区在生态环境逐步恶化变为生态环境逐渐转好的过程中,农户的生计资本中自然资本和社会资本在显著减少,物质资本和金融资本在显著增加,人力资本没有显著变化。农户对退耕还林的满意度是:自然资本是负向显著,金融资本和社会资本为正向显著,物质资本和人力资本则没有显著变化。最后,一致性检验结果显示拟合度高达95%,准确度超过90%。基于此,本研究有两点启示:一是要处理好生态保护与经济发展的关系,协调好国家、基层政府和农户三者关系,尤其是处理好地方政府在国家退耕还林生态工程政策执行中的偏差;二是建立一套协调生态保护与经济社会发展可持续性的利益协调机制,切实解决好生态保护与农村经济发展的关系问题。

Zhuozi county,a typical demonstration area of the grain for green project(hereinafter referred to as project),was selected as research area.The sustainable livelihood assessment framework of farmers was established,the livelihood capital of local farmers before and after the implementation of the project was quantitatively analyzed on cross-section of a 2 time periods 8 time points during 38 years.5 livelihood capitals were taken as the core explanatory variables to study the willingness of farmers to re-participate in the project and their satisfaction with the construction and management of the project.This is farmers’satisfaction with ecological construction and management of the project.Results showed that in the process of gradual deterioration of ecological environment to gradual improvement of ecological environment,natural capital and social capital were significantly reduced,material capital and financial capital were significantly increased,and human capital was not significantly changed.Farmers’satisfaction with the project was as follows:natural capital was negatively significant,financial capital and social capitals were positively significant,while material capital and human capital had no significant change.Finally,the consistency test results show that the fitting degree was as high as 95% and the accuracy was more than 90%.Based on the above,this study had two inspirations:one was to deal with the relationship between ecological protection and economic development,coordinate the relationship between the state,grass-roots government and farmers,and especially deal with the deviation of local government in the implementation of national ecological engineering policy of returning farmland to forest.Second,establishing a set of interest coordination mechanism to coordinate ecological protection and sustainable economic and social development,and effectively solve the relationship between ecological protection and rural economic development.