启蒙政治的当代出场及其意识形态症候

The ContemporaryImage and Ideological Symptoms of Enlightenment Political Ideas

自由、平等、博爱,这些启蒙政治哲学的基本概念在当代政治话语中有着不可撼动的地位。尤其在当代民主政体中,启蒙政治哲学一方面成为了诠释政权合法性的思想资源,另一方面则是通过法律、政党政治和文化工业表征出来的核心软实力。但是,如果回到启蒙政治哲学的文本和原初概念,不仅会发现当代资本主义政治对启蒙术语的误用乃至滥用,更能够揭示这种意识形态表象下规训人民和服务资本的真实意图。在金融资本主义的当代,人们不得不面对一个启蒙式的悖论,一方面"普世价值"从苏联、东欧和中东不断获得"胜利",另一方面这些"胜利"所带来的生存样态却走向了暴力、保守主义狂热、政治操控和极端的不平等。因此,反思启蒙政治哲学在当代的危机,以及从启蒙之外的批判视角探索拯救危机的道路,是当代政治哲学和马克思主义哲学无法回避的重要主题。

The basic ideas derived from enlightenment political philosophy,including liberty,equality and fraternity,are unshakable in contemporary political discourse.Especially in contemporary democratic institutions,the enlightenment political ideas has become the theoretical resources for legitimacy of political power,as well as the soft power for legal system,party politics and cultural industry.However,the misuse and abuse of enlightenment political ideas in capitalist society can be discovered by tracing back to the texts and context of enlightenment philosophy,which also can expose the real intensions of enlightenment ideology,namely ruling the people and serving the capitalists.In the era of global capitalism,when inequality and political manipulation have been developing under the masks of reason and liberty,reflecting on enlightenment political ideas has become important topics for contemporary political philosophy and Marxist philosophy.