蛭态轮虫中国新记录种及其研究展望

NEWLY RECORDED SPECIES OF BDELLOID ROTIFER IN CHINA AND RESEARCH PROSPECTS

轮虫动物门蛭态亚纲轮虫由于其严格的孤雌生殖和低湿休眠特性而成为吸引各领域学者研究的重要类群。研究对2018年在珠海万山群岛采集的苔藓样品进行观察,发现蛭态轮虫中国新记录种环颈敖突轮虫Otostephanos torquatus Bryce,1913。目前国内缺少对该蛭态轮虫的详细形态描述,文章通过对该种的形态观察以及咀嚼器扫描电镜拍摄,阐述环颈敖突轮虫的主要分类特征。该物种重要分类依据为内腔里含有食物泡,轮盘带有特殊环状结构,上唇裂片呈三角形及裂片高度低于头冠高度,咀嚼器齿式7/7。通过检测该轮虫的COⅠ序列,与基因库中已有同科同属相似种的COⅠ基因序列聚类对比,证明了该种属于敖突轮属的遗传位置。相较于其他国家对蛭态轮虫的研究成果及其在进化研究中的重要地位,我国学者应该加强对蛭态轮虫的研究探索。

Bdelloid rotifers,belonging to the subclass Bdelloidea(class Eurotatoria;phylum Rotifera),have become an important group attracting scholars in various fields because of their strict parthenogenesis and anhydrobiosis.A newly recorded species of bdelloid rotifer named Otostephanos torquatus Bryce,1913 was found in moss samples collected from the Wanshan Islands in Zhuhai,Guangdong Province,China,in 2018.A detailed morphological description of this species is currently lacking.This paper describes the main taxonomic features of O.torquatus by describing the morphology of the body and scanning electron microscopy images of its trophi.The important classification of O.torquatus is based on the food pellets and trochi,including special rings,triangular upper lips and trophi with 7/7 major teeth.Food pellets are used to store food in the lumen,and the height of the upper lip is lower than that of the trochi.By comparing the COⅠgene sequence of O.torquatus and familiar species in the same family or genus,it is shown that O.torquatus belongs to the genetic position of the genus Otostephanos.By comparing research results about bdelloid rotifers in other countries and their important position in the study of evolution,Chinese scholars should strengthen the exploration and research on bdelloid rotifers.