伯里克利时期雅典城邦的软实力建设

On the Soft Power of the Athens City-State in the Pericles Period

运用“软实力”这一概念不仅有助于分析现代世界的国家力量和国际关系,同时也为审视古代文明提供了一个新的视角。伯里克利时期雅典城邦的软实力建设是一个值得深入考察和研究的历史现象。庇西斯特拉图父子统治时期的一些措施已为雅典的文化软实力打下了基础。希波战争之后,尤其是到了公元前5世纪中期,雅典在基本资源、经济和军事等硬实力上都空前强盛,具备了进一步加强软实力建设的物质基础。在伯里克利的领导下,雅典人主要在城邦节日和公共活动、修建大型标志性建筑、民主政治理念的仪式化展示,以及发展教育等四个方面提升了城邦的软实力。但当时雅典人在提洛同盟内的软实力建设显得不足,霸道的作风留下了隐患。

The concept of "soft power" not only helps to analyze the national power and international relations in the modern world, but also provides a new perspective for examining ancient civilizations. The expansion of soft power of the Athens city-state in the Pericles period is a historical phenomenon worthy of further investigation and study. Some measures taken during the reign of Pisistratus and his son laid the foundation for the cultural soft power of Athens. After the Persian Wars, especially in the middle of the 5 th century B.C., Athens was unprecedentedly strong in terms of the basic resources, economy, military and other hard power, and had the material basis for further strengthening the soft power. Under the leadership of Pericles, the Athenians improved the soft power of their city-state mainly in four areas: the city-state’s festivals and public activities, the construction of huge landmark buildings, the ritual display of democratic political ideas, and the development of education. But at that time, the Athenians failed to fully expand its soft power within the Delian League, and its high-handed style left behind a hidden danger.