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环境和努力孰重孰轻?--中国高等教育获得数量与质量不平等研究 被引量:14

Circumstances or Efforts? A Study on the Inequality of Quantity and Quality in the Access to Higher Education in China
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摘要 文章基于包含学龄期努力指标的2008年全国综合社会调查(CGSS2008)数据,在机会不平等分析框架下,利用Gini系数测算了我国高等教育获得数量和质量的不平等程度,运用Shapley方法研究了努力和环境因素对我国居民高等教育获得数量和质量的相对贡献及其长期趋势,并采用结构方程模型和增减变量的方法进行了稳健性检验。研究发现:第一,与努力因素相比,环境因素不论对高等教育获得的数量还是质量的贡献都相对更大,说明我国高等教育获得仍然存在一定的机会不平等问题。第二,努力因素在高等教育获得中的作用,质量作用大于数量作用。第三,在环境因素中,家庭文化因素、家庭经济因素和区位因素在高等教育获得数量和质量中的作用都较为明显,其中家庭文化因素的影响最大,并且家庭文化因素在高等教育获得质量中的作用更大。从区位视角看,中部地区的群体在高等教育机会竞争中处于劣势。第四,通过不同年龄组的对比分析,发现全国统考制度比推荐制度更有助于高等教育公平的实现,而高校扩招政策福利并未公平地分配到不同的群体之中。 Based on the data of the 2008 Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS 2008),which includes the indicators of school-age effort,this paper uses Gini coefficient to measure the degree of inequality in the quantity and quality of higher education in China under the framework of opportunity inequality analysis,and uses Shapley decomposition to study the factors of circumstances and efforts on the access to higher education of Chinese residents. The relative contribution of quantity and quality and its long-term trend are tested by the structural equation model and the method of increasing or decreasing variables. The research finds that:Firstly,compared with effort factors,circumstance factors contribute more to the quantity and quality of higher education,which shows that there are still some unequal opportunities for higher education in China.Secondly,effort factors play a greater role in the quality of higher education acquisition than in the quantity of higher education acquisition. Thirdly,among circumstance factors,the family cultural factor,the family economic factor and the location factor play an obvious role in the quantity and quality of higher education,among which the family cultural factor has the greatest impact,and plays a greater role in the quality of higher education. From the perspective of location,the groups in the central region are at a disadvantage in the competition of higher education opportunities. Fourthly,through the comparative analysis of different age groups,it is found that the national unified examination system is more conducive to the realization of higher education equity than the recommendation system,while the welfare of university enrollment expansion policy is not fairly distributed among different groups.
作者 靳振忠 严斌剑 王亮 Jin Zhenzhong;Yan Binjian;Wang Liang(School of Government Audit,Nanjing Audit University,Nanjing 211800,China;College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;School of Business,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)
出处 《财经研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2019年第12期59-72,共14页 Journal of Finance and Economics
基金 国家自然科学基金面上项目(71974097) 国家自然科学基金青年项目(71503129) 教育部哲学社会科学重大研究课题(18JZD025) 南京农业大学中央高校基本科研业务费人文社会科学研究基金资助(KJQN201628,SKCX2019006)。
关键词 高等教育获得 环境因素 努力因素 机会不平等 access to higher education circumstance factors effort factors opportunity inequality
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