摘要
We propose an extended cellular automaton model based on the floor field. The floor field can be changed accordingly in the presence of pedestrians. Furthermore, the effects of pedestrians with different speeds are distinguished, i.e., still pedestrians result in more increment of the floor field than moving ones. The improved floor field reflects impact of pedestrians as movable obstacles on evacuation process. The presented model was calibrated by comparing with previous studies. It is shown that this model provides a better description of crowd evacuation both qualitatively and quantitatively.Then we investigated crowd evacuation from a middle-size theater. Four possible designs of aisles in the theater are studied and one of them is the actual design in reality. Numerical simulation shows that the actual design of the theater is reasonable.Then we optimize the position of the side exit in order to reduce the evacuation time. It is shown that the utilization of the two exits at bottom is less than that of the side exits. When the position of the side exit is shifted upwards by about 1.6 m,it is found that the evacuation time reaches its minimum.
We propose an extended cellular automaton model based on the floor field. The floor field can be changed accordingly in the presence of pedestrians. Furthermore, the effects of pedestrians with different speeds are distinguished, i.e., still pedestrians result in more increment of the floor field than moving ones. The improved floor field reflects impact of pedestrians as movable obstacles on evacuation process. The presented model was calibrated by comparing with previous studies. It is shown that this model provides a better description of crowd evacuation both qualitatively and quantitatively.Then we investigated crowd evacuation from a middle-size theater. Four possible designs of aisles in the theater are studied and one of them is the actual design in reality. Numerical simulation shows that the actual design of the theater is reasonable.Then we optimize the position of the side exit in order to reduce the evacuation time. It is shown that the utilization of the two exits at bottom is less than that of the side exits. When the position of the side exit is shifted upwards by about 1.6 m,it is found that the evacuation time reaches its minimum.
作者
Qing-Fei Gao
Yi-Zhou Tao
Yan-Fang Wei
Cheng Wu
Li-Yun Dong
高庆飞;陶亦舟;韦艳芳;吴成;董力耘(Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,School of Mechanics and Engineering Science,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200072,China;College of Science,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China;College of Physical Science and Technology,Yulin Normal University,Yulin 537000,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering,Shanghai 200072,China)
基金
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11572184 and 11562020)
the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB725404)
the Research Foundation of Shanghai Institute of Technology(Grant No.39120K196008-A06)。
