技艺之外--李金发与中山陵孙中山坐像

Besides Art: Li Jinfa and the Sun Yat-sen’s Sitting Statue

民国雕塑史上的李金发因试塑中山陵祭堂--这一神圣纪念空间的孙中山坐像而具有独特地位。孙中山葬事筹备委员会的看重及其自身的雕塑成就使其先后两次获得机会试塑此像,且于当时成为最有可能塑造该像的创制者,然而最终却没有获得这一坐像的承办权。通过对相关史料及具体作品的考察,并结合当时的政治背景,本文认为,李金发与中山陵坐像承办权的失之交臂,与艺术家本人的雕塑技艺并无直接关系;其首次承办权的错失由"葬备委"对于塑造何种孙中山形象无法形成一致意见所致,二次承办权的错失则与其塑造的士人形象不符合葬备委制造孙中山崇拜的政治意图有关。

In the sculpture history of the Republic of China, Li Jinfa held a unique position because he bid to mold the Sun Yat-sen’s sitting statue in the sacred memorial hall of the Zhongshan Mausoleum. The weight that Sun Yat Sen’s Funeral Preparatory Committee attached to him and his own sculpture achievements made him get the chance to mold the statue twice, so at that time, he became the most likely maker of the statue. However, he did not win the bid for molding this sitting statue in the end. Based on a survey of relevant historical materials and specific sculpture works, this paper, combined with the political background at that time, held that Li Jinfa’s own sculpture skills were not the direct reason for his loss of the bid to mold the sitting statue of Zhongshan Mausoleum. The reason why he lost the bid for molding the sitting statue the first time was because the Funeral Preparatory Committee failed to reach a consensus on which image of Sun Yat-sen to be created, while his second loss of the bid for molding the statue was due to the fact that the scholarly image he created was not consistent with the Funeral Preparatory Committee’s political intention of arousing cult of Sun Yat-sen.