作为社会记忆结构的关系型记忆与义务型记忆——知青集体记忆的文化维度

Relational Memory and Obligatory Memory as Social Memory Structure--Cultural Dimensions of Collective Memory of the Educated Youth

本文通过对知青群体回忆内容的梳理,归纳出知青集体记忆中的一些结构性特征,进而提出关系型记忆和义务型记忆的概念。具体而言,关系型记忆是指知青的回忆内容多受到“关系”的规制;“关系”往往是触发其历史回忆的关键节点,促成了知青回忆的主流特征。义务型记忆是通过特定类型知青的“忏悔”记忆归纳出来的;一些知青对过失的讲述并不是出于某种兴致,而是来自文化的压力,即来自社会中善必然受到鼓励、恶必然受到惩罚的观念。而关系和义务这两种记忆的结构性特征也是依赖于特定文化结构的,例如关系型记忆背后的文化结构包含着“以和为贵”“推己及人”的思想,义务型记忆背后的文化结构在本文中则主要指向“报”的思想。

By analyzing the content of the Educated Youth s collective memory,this paper summarizes structural characteristics of the collective memory of the Educated Youth and propose the concepts of relational memory and obligatory memory.Specifically,relational memory means that the content of the Educated Youth s memory is mostly regulated by“relationship”.This“relationship”is often the key that triggers their recollection of the past,and contributes to the mainstream characteristics of the Educated Youth s memory.Obligatory memory is summarized through a specific type of“confession”memory of the Educated Youth.Some of the Educated Youth s narratives of atonement do not happen on a whim,but originate from cultural pressure,i.e.,the perception that the good must be encouraged and the evil must be punished.The two structural characteristics of memory—relationship and obligation—depend on specific cultural structures.For example,the cultural structure behind the relational memory contains the thoughts of“harmony is the most precious”and“putting oneself in another s shoes”.The cultural structure behind obligatory memory mainly refers to the concept of“retribution”.